Greek History Exam
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- ⬢ The Trojan War
- - Coincided with invasions of foreign mariners in the Mycenaean homeland. - From 1100-800 BCE chaos reigned throughout the eastern Mediterranean region. - Invasions and civil disturbances made it impossible to maintain stable governments or even productive agricultural societies.
- ⬢ The Palace at Knossos
- - The rulers of the Minoan trading empire lived here. It housed rooms for the royal family, banquet halls and working areas for artisans. It also included religious shrines, areas dedicated to the honor of gods and goddesses - The walls of the palace are covered with colorful frescoes, watercolor paintings done on wet plaster. They tell us much about society, leaping dolphins reflect the importance of the sea and religious images indicate that the Minoans worshipped the bull and a mother goddess.
- ⬢ Polis
- - Greek version of the city-state. - Built on two levels - Population of each polis was fairly small, which helped citizens share a sense of responsibility for its triumphs and defeats. People spent a lot of time in the marketplace and they joined together in festivals honoring the city’s special god or goddess
- ⬢ Acropolis
- - Meaning high city - Had great marble temples dedicated to different gods and goddesses. - On a high hill in the polis
- ⬢ Aristocracy
- Power shifted to a class of noble landowners, who were also the military defenders of the city-states because only they could afford bronze weapons and chariots. At first these nobles defended the king. In time they won power for themselves. The result was an aristocracy, or rule by landholding elite.
- ⬢ Helot
- - The Spartans turned the Laconians into state owned slaves called helots and made them work the land. - There was a brutal system of strict control that guided them because the Spartans were afraid of their great numbers.
- ⬢ Democracy
- - Government by the people - Merchants and soldiers resented the power of the nobles and argued that their service to Athens entitled them to more rights. This caused Athens to move towards a democracy - It was a limited democracy: - Only male citizens could participate in government and citizenship was severely restricted - Thousands of Athenians were still slaves without political rights or personal freedom.
- ⬢ Stipend
- - Fixed salary that was given to men who held public office - This enabled poor men to serve in government. - Pericles believed that all men citizens regardless of wealth or social class, should take part in government
- ⬢ Golden Age of Athens
- -Supported Democracy under Pericles (direct democracy) - Direct democracy is a system in which a large number of citizens take direct part in the day-to-day affairs of government - Juries: - A jury is a panel of citizens who have the authority to make the final judgment in a trial - Athenian citizens could also vote to banish or send away a public figure that they saw as a threat to their democracy. This is called ostracism - Arts: - With the riches of the Athenian empire, Pericles hired the best architects and sculptors to rebuild the acropolis, which the Persians destroyed - Magnificent new temples and colossal statues rose from the ruins of the acropolis. Such building projects increased Athenians prosperity by creating jobs for artisans and workers. They also served as a further reminder to both citizens and visitors that the gods had favored the Athenians - Empire/ tax, trade, navy, slave society - 460 BCE- 429 BCE