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- IMF's structural adjustment programs
- Price Stability to control inflation currency devalutation to boost exports fiscal austerity which requires government to raise taxes while cutting government spending -increasing interest rates privatization of national industries
- Baker Plan
- Relies on free market ideology encourages exports but there is a global recession that reduces demand for LDCs imports
- Brady Plan
- US treasury bonds bail out banks. Eventually LDCs will pay banks helps banks but ultimately does not help LDCs
- time-inconsistent incentives
- governments want drug companies to invest in research and development and production facilities to develop their product, but once they develop it, they want the companies to sell their product at the cheapest possible price. This reduces the incentive for companies to develop new medicines in poor countries
- Public good market failure
- new medicines are a global public good. Because it would benefit everyone, none of the small countries that would benefit from the vaccine have an incentive to encourage developemnt of vaccine. Intellectual property rights reduce access to medicines.