Honors World History Chapter 12

Start Studying!

Terms

undefined, object

copy deck

what all led to a dramatic increase in food supply: expansion of farmland
good weather
improved transportation
new crops
parliament passed laws that allowed large landowners to fence off common lands- many peasants were forced to move to towns to work in the new factories: enclosure movement
a ready supply of money: capital
people interestred in finding new business oportunities and ways to make profits: entrepreneurs
many _____ provided water power for a means of transporting materials and finished products from one place to another: rivers
describe the manufacturing of cotton: 1- spinners made cotton thread from raw cotton
2- weavers wove thread into cloth on looms
tasks done by individuals in their rural homes: cottage industry
what invention produced cloth at a faster rate: flying shuttle
who invented the spinning jenny: james hargreaves, 1764
what invention made the spinning of thread faster: spinning jenny
what invention made it possible for the weavers to cath up with the spinning of thread: water powered loom
who invented the water powered loom: edmund cartwright, 1787
the cotton industry was even more productive with the improvement of: the steam engine
when did watt make changes that enabled the engine to drive machinery: 1782
in 1760 britain had imported __ million pounds of raw cotton in 1787 britain imported __ million pounds in 1840, ___ million pounds each year: 2.5
22
366
the steam engine was powered by: coal
the steam engine also led to an increase in ___ production: coal
describe the process of puddling: coke, derived rom coal was used to burn away impurities in crude iron(pig iron) and produce iron of high quality
____ improved year round transport: all weather roads
when did the first steam powered locomotive run on an industrial line: 1804
the first locomotive pulled ___ tons of ore and ___ people at _ miles an hour: 10
70
5
what locomotive was used on the first public railway line: rocket
when was the first public railway open and how long was it: 1830
32
what two towns did the first public railway extend to: liverpool to manchester
the rocket sped along at __ miles per hour while pulling a __ ton train: 16
40
1840- britain had __ miles of railroads 1850- britain had __ miles of railroads: 2,000
6,000
less expensive transportation led to ______: lower priced goods
workers were forced to work __ to keep the machines producing at a steady rate: shifts
adult workers were fined for and dismissed for: being late

serious conduct, especially being drunk
britain produced ___ of the worlds coal: 1/2
first to be industrialized in continental europe were: belgium france and german states
governments provided funds to build: roads canals and railroads
in 1800 __ out of __ american workers wre farmers: 6/7
between 1800 and 1860 the population in the us gre from ___ to ___ million people: 5
30
who built the first paddle wheel steamboat the clermont: robert fulton 1807
the railroad began with fewer than __ miles in 1830 by 1860 it had ___ miles: 100
30,000
many of the workers in the new factories of new england were: women
in 1850 two new social classes emerged-: the industrial middle class
the industrial working class
1750 pop.- 1850 pop.-: 140 mil
266 mil
population grew because of a decline in: death rates
wars
diseases
eventually pitiful living conditions caused urban reformers to call on _____ to clean up their cities: government
an economic system based on industrial production: industrail capitalish
industrial capitalism led to a new middle class group called: industrial middle class
people involved in industry and banking as well as professionals like lawyers teachers doctors and government: bourgeois
the industrial middle class was: poeple who built the factories
bought the machines
figured out where markets were
the industrial middle classes qualities included: initiative
vision
ambition
greed
work hours for the industrial working class ranged from _ to _ hours a day and _ days a week: 12-16
6
the worst conditions were in the ____ where the temperatures were harmful: cotton mills
tunnels with constant dampness led to: deformed bodies
ruined lungs
the number of children in the workforce declined with the: factory act of 1833
the factory act of 1833 which set _ as the minimum age of employment and those between _-_ could only work 9 hours _-_ could work 12: 9
9-13
13-18
as children declined their places were taken by: women
excessive working hours for women were outlawed in: 1844
a system in which society usually in the form of the government owns and controls tome means of prodcution such as factories and utilities: socialism
early socialism was largely the idea of intellectuals who believed in the ______ oand who wanted to replace ______- with ___________ in industry: the equality of all people
a british cotton manufacturer was a utopian scientist believed that humans would show their natural goodness if they lived in a cooperative environment: robert owen
the powers at vienna wanted to keep any certain country from controlling europe which mean balanicing ___ and ___ poowers: military political
beliefs based on tradition and social stablity: conservatism
the great powers had the right to send armies into countries where there were revolutions to restore legitamate monarchs to their throne: principle of intervention
____ refused to accept the principle of intervention: britain
austria prussia russia and frnace used _____ to crush revoltution in ___ and ____: military forces
spain italy
a political philosophy based on enlightenment principles that said people should be free as possible from government restraint: liberalism
liberals created the ______ because the believed they should have _____ and freedom of ___ ____ and ____: bill of rights
equality before law
speech assembly press
liberals also wanted (religious): separation of church and state
religious tolerance
liberals believed that laws should be made by a _____ elected by qualifed voters: legislature
liberals thought that voting rights only applied to: men of property
for nationalists people owe their chief political loyalty to the _____ rather than another political unit: nation
nationalists thought that each _______ should have their own government: nationality
most liberals believed freedom could only be possible in people who ________: ruled themselves
when did liberalism and nationalism begin to break through conservative domination of europe: 1830
In france _______ overthrew the bourbon monarch ________ in _____ and established a _________: liberals
charles X
1830
constitutional monarchy
who supported the new leader Louis-Phillipe: upper middle class
who replaced Charles X: Louis-phillipe
______ which had belonged to the former ________ rebelled and created an independent state through _______---: belgium
dutch republic
nationalism
what happened in france, 1846: severe economic problems
the monarchy of france was overthrown in: 1848
a group of _______ and _______ republicans set up a ________ or temporary government: moderate
radical
provisional
a government in which leaders are elected: republic
the provisional government called for the election of representatives to a ______________ that would draw up a new constitution: constituent assembly
election in france for the constituent assembly was to be led by: universal male suffrage
what means all adult men can vote: universal male suffrage
provisional government also set up ______ to provide __ for the unemployed: national workshops
work
from march to june the number of unemployed enrolled in the national workshops rose from ____ to ____: 66,000
120,000
when were the national workshops closed: june 21
when was the new constitution ratified: november 4 1848
the new constitution set up a republic called the: second republic
the second republic had a: single legislature
president
when was the election for the presidency held: december 1848
who won the presidency for the second republic: louis napoleon bonaparte
an all german parliament called the ________ was held to fulfill a _____ and _____ dream, to prepare a _____ for a new united germany: frankfurt assembly
liberalist
nationalist
constitution
did the frankfurt assembly fail: yes
did the frankfurt assembly make a constitution: yes but there was no way to make the leaders accept it
the austrian empire was a-: multinational state
what is a collection of different peoples in a state: multinational state
what are 10 nationalities in austria: germans
czechs
magyars
slovaks
romanians
slovenes
poles
croats
serbians
italians
in march 1848 what happened in germany: the austrian foreign minister metternich was dismissed
what happened in june 1848 in germany: austrian military forces crushed czech rebellions in prague
the hungarian revolutionaries were finally subdued in: 1849
in ____ a revolt broke out against the _____ and _________ (austrians): 1848
lombardy
venetia
the expanision to the balkans would give russia access to the: dardanelles and meditteranean sea
where did people begin to look in italy for leadership in achieving the unification of italy: piedmont
who ruled the kingdom of piedmont: the royal house of savoy
what was all included in piedmont: piedmont, the island of sardinia, nice, and savoy
who was the ruler of the kingdom of piedmont: king victor emmanuel 2
who did cavour make an alliance with: louis napoleon
why did cavour make an alliance with louis napoleon: policy of economic expansion-increased government revenues-large army-defeat austrians-help (france)
when did cavour provoke the austrians into invading piedmont: 1859
cavour gave france____ and ____ for making the alliance: nice
savoy
austrians gave piedmont _____ but still remained control of _______: lombardy
venetia
what new leader arose in southern italy: giuseppe garibaldi
giuseppe garibaldy raised an italian army of a thousand volunteers called the _____: red shirts
the two sicilies are: sicily and naples
naples and the entire kingdom of the two siciles belonged to _________ in early september: garibaldi
garibaldi chose to turn over his conquests to: piedmont
what happened on march 17 1861: a new kingdom of italy was proclaimed under king victor emmanuel 2
the italians gained control of ______ as a result of a war between ______ and _______: venetia
austria
prussia
In the ___________ the new italian state became an ally of prussia, prussia won and the italians were given _______: austro-prussian war of 1866
venetia
in _____ during the _________ french troops withdrew from ____ their withdrawal enabled the italian army to annex rome on _________. _____ became the new captial of the italian state: 1870
franco-prussian war
rome
september 20, 187
rome
prussia was known for its: militarism
the politics of reality: realpolitik
politics based on practical matters rather than on theory or ethics: realpolitik
who was the foremost practictioner of realpolitik: otto von bismarck

Start Studying!

Deck Info

Number of cards 122

Created By gleefan13