Geo Midterm - Michael 1
Terms
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- Millennium Development Goals
- 1. Eradicate Poverty and Hunger; 2. Education 3. Gender Equality; 4. Reduce Child Mortality; 5. Maternal Health; 6. Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases; 7. Environmental Sustainability; 8. Global Partnership for Development.
- Head Count Index
- the proportion of total population below some given poverty line.
- Gross Domestic Product
- total national output.
- Gross National Product
- Resident output plus output of entities that are in other countries.
- Measures/indicators
- any way that people measure poverty, prosperity, education, etc; GDP, GNP, literacy rates, poverty (people living on less than $1/day), hunger (underweight children under age 5), employment (employment-to-population ratio).
- Purchasing Power Parity
- indicator of development in relation to another country; adds to the GDP as an indicator.
- Gini coefficient
- a measure of how equal or unequal wealth distribution is; 1= perfectly unequal, one person owns everything; 0=perfectly equal, everybody is equally wealthy.
- Chronic Poverty (Report)
- measured poverty depth (distance below poverty line), duration (can people get out of poverty?), and breadth (how do different people experience different kinds of poverty?).
- Corruption Index (Transparency International)
- measures how corrupt a country is based on bribery, patronage politics, education for people, allyship and political agreements.
- WTO
- World Trade Organization; an international organization that exists to liberalize international trade.
- World Bank
- provides leveraged loans to developing countries.
- Gender empowerment measure
- percent of women and men represented in government; women vs. men in terms of income, job/career type; measure of education of women.
- Modernization Theory
- Rostow; society, preconditions, takeoff, drive to maturity, age of high mass consumption, beyond mass consumption, utopia?
- Human Poverty Index
- measures poverty levels based on mortality rates, life expectancy at birth, income per capita, and homelessness.
- Foucault
- frames, measures, discursive meanings; knowledge is power: regimes of truth; power through discourses, institutions, and culture; governmentality: presenting discourses to manipulate opinions.
- Governmentality
- Foucault; the sum of many discourses and institutions has a governmental effect on people.
- Transformationalist theory
- globalization is real; new forms of government are needed; David Held.