Neck Muslces
Terms
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- platysma: origin
- inferior border of the mandible, skin, and subcutaneous tissues of lower face
- platysma: insertion
- fascia covering superior parts of pectoralis major and deltoid muscles
- platysma: innervation
- cervical branch of facial nerve
- platysma: action
- draws corners of mouth inferiorly and widens it as in epressions of sadness and fright; draws skin of neck superiorly when teeth are clenched indicating tension
- platysma: blood supply
- anterior jugular vein; transverse cerival artery and vein; cutaneous cervical artery and vein; facial artery and vein
- sternocleidomastoid: origin
- lateral surface of mastoid process of temporal bone and lateral half of superior nuchal line
- sternocleidomastoid: insertion
-
sternal head: superior surface of manubrium
clavicular head: superior surface of medial third of clavicle - sternocleidomastoid: innervation
- spinal accessory nerve; C2 and C3 nerves
- sternocleidomastoid: action
-
unilateral contraction: tilts head to same side and rotates it so face is turned superiorly toward opposite side
bilateral contraction: extends neck at atlanto-occipital joins, flexes cervical vertebrae so that chin approaches manubrium, extends superior cervical vertebrae while flexing inferior vertebrae so chin is thrust forward with head kept level - sternocleidomastoid: blood supply
- superior thyroid artery and vein
- anterior scalene: origin
- anterior tubercles of transverse processes of C3-C6 vertebrae
- anterior scalene: insertion
- 1st rib
- anterior scalene: innervation
- cervical spinal nerves C4-C6
- anterior scalene: action
- flexes neck laterally; elevates 1st rib during forced respiration
- anterior scalene: blood supply
- transverse cervical artery and vein; internal jugular vein
- middle scalene: origin
- posterior tubercles of transverse processes of C4-C7 vertebrae
- middle scalene: insertion
- superior surface of 1st rib, posterior groove for subclavian artery
- middle scalene: innervation
- anterior rami of cervical spinal nerves
- middle scalene: action
- flexes neck laterally, elevates 1st rib during forced inspiration
- middle scalene: blood supply
- transverse cervical artery and vein; internal jugular vein
- posterior scalene: origin
- posterior tubercles of transverse processes of C4-C6 vertebrae
- posterior scalene: insertion
- external border of 2nd rib
- posterior scalene: innervation
- anterior rami of cervical spinal nerves C7 and C8
- posterior scalene: action
- flexes neck laterally, elevates 2nd rib during forced inspiration
- posterior scalene: blood supply
- transverse cervical artery and vein; internal jugular vein
- longus colli: origin
- anterior tubercle of C1, bodies of C1-C3, transverse processes of C3-C6
- longus colli: insertion
- bodies of C5-T3, transverse processes of C3-C5
- longus colli: innervation
- anterior rami of C2-C6
- longus colli: action
- flexes neck with rotation to opposite side if acting unilaterally
- longus colli: blood supply
- vertebral artery and vein
- longus capitis: origin
- basilar part of occipital bone
- longus capitis: insertion
- anterior tubercles of C3-C6 transverse processes
- longus capitis: innervation
- anterior rami of C1-C3 spinal nerves
- longus capitis: action
- flexion of head on neck
- splenius capitis: origin
- inferior half of nuchal ligament and spinous processes of superior six thoracic vertebrae
- splenius capitis: insertion
- lateral aspect of mastoid process and lateral third of superior nuchal line
- splenius capitis: innervation
- posterior rami of middle cervical spinal nerves
- splenius capitis: action
- laterally flexes and rotates head and neck to same side; acting bilaterally, extends head and neck
- splenius capitis: blood supply
- greater occipital artery and vein; lesser occipital artery and vein
- splenius cervicis: origin
- arises from nuchal ligament and spinous processes of C7-T3 or T4 vertebrae
- splenius cervicis: insertion
- tubercles of transverse processes of C1-C3 or C4 vertebrae
- splenius cervicis: innervation
- posterior rami of spinal nerves
- splenius cervicis: action
- laterally flex neck and rotate head to side of active muscles, extend head and neck
- splenius cervicis: blood supply
- greater occipital artery and vein; lesser occipital artery and vein
- digastric-posterior belly: origin
- mastoid notch of temporal bone
- digastric-posterior belly: insertion
- intermediate tendon to body and greater horn of hyoid
- digastric-posterior belly: innervation
- digastric branch of fascial nerve
- digastric-posterior belly: action
- working with infrahyoid muscles, depresses mandible against resistence; elevates and steadies hyoid during swallowing and speaking
- digastric-posterior belly: blood supply
- external carotid artery, retromandibular vein
- digastric-anterior belly: origin
- digastric fossa of mandible
- digastric-anterior belly: insertion
- intermediate tendon to body and greater horn of hyoid
- digastric-anterior belly: innervation
- nerve to mylohyoid, a branch of inferior alveolar nerve
- digastric-anterior belly: action
- working with infrahyoid muscles, depresses mandible against resistance; elevates and steadies hyoid during swallowing and speaking
- digastric-anterior belly: blood supply
- external carotid artery, retromandibular vein
- stylohyoid: origin
- styloid process of temporal bone
- stylohyoid: insertion
- body of hyoid
- stylohyoid: innervation
- stylohyoid branch of facial nerve
- stylohyoid: action
- elevates and retracts hyoid, thus elongating floor of mouth
- stylohyoid: blood supply
- facial artery & vein; lingual artery & vein
- geniohyoid: origin
- inferior mental spine of mandible
- geniohyoid: insertion
- body of hyoid
- geniohyoid: innervation
- C1 via hypoglossal nerve
- geniohyoid: action
- pulls hyoid anteriorly and superiorly, shortens floor of mouth, and tongue during swallowing and speaking
- geniohyoid: blood supply
- facial artery & vein; lingual artery & vein
- sternohyoid: origin
- manubrium of sternum and medial end of clavicle
- sternohyoid: insertion
- body of hyoid
- sternohyoid: innervation
- C1-C3 by branches of ansa cervicalis
- sternohyoid: action
- depresses hyoid after elevation during swallowing
- sternohyoid: blood supply
- superior thyroid artery & vein; inferior thyroid artery & vein
- omohyoid (superior & inferior bellies): origin
- superior border of scapula near suprascapular notch
- omohyoid (superior & inferior bellies): insertion
- inferior border of hyoid
- omohyoid (superior & inferior bellies): innervation
- C1-C3 by branches of ansa cervicalis
- omohyoid (superior & inferior bellies): action
- depresses, retracts, and steadies hyoid
- omohyoid (superior and inferior bellies): blood supply
- superior thyroid artery & vein; inferior thyroid artery & vein
- sternothyroid: origin
- posterior surface of manubrium of sternum
- sternothyroid: insertion
- oblique line of thyroid cartilage
- sternothyroid: innervation
- C2 & C3 by a branch of ansa cervicalis
- sternothyroid: action
- depresses hyoid and larynx
- sternothyroid: blood supply
- superior thyroid artery & vein; inferior thyroid artery & vein
- thyrohyoid: origin
- oblique line of thyroid cartilage
- thyrohyoid: insertion
- inferior border of body and greater horn of hyoid
- thyrohyoid: innervation
- C1 via hypoglossal nerve
- thyrohyoid: action
- depresses hyoid & elevates larynx
- thyrohyoid: blood supply
- superior thyroid artery & vein; inferior thyroid artery & vein
- cricothyroid: origin
- anterolateral part of cricoid cartilage
- cricothyroid: insertion
- inferior margin and inferior horn of thyroid cartilage
- cricothyroid: innervation
- external laryngeal nerve
- cricothyroid: action
- stretches and tenses vocal ligament
- cricothyroid: blood supply
- superior thyroid artery & vein; inferior thyroid artery & vein