chpater 13 331 KD
Terms
undefined, object
copy deck
-
hallmark of schizo
significant loss of contact with reality - psychosis
-
an erroneous belief that is fixed and firmly held despite clear contradictory evidence
involves a disturbance in the context of thought - delusion
- some external agency has robbed one of ones thoughts
- thought withdrawal
- a sensory experience that seems real to the person having it, but that occurs in the absence of any external perceptual stimulus
- hallucination
- most common types of hallucinations in patients with schizophrenia
- auditory
-
patient may show absence of all movement and speech
patient may hold unusual posture for extended period of time - catatonia
- bizarre behavior and disorganized speech are examples of __________ symptoms
- disorganized
- symptoms that reflect an excess or distortion in a normal repertoire of behavior and experience such as delusions or hallucinations
- positive symtpoms
- symptoms that reflect an absence or deficit of behaviors that are normally present
- negative symptoms
- paranoid schizophrenia:
- shows history of increasing suspiciousness and of severe difficulties in interpersonal relationships
- clinical picture dominated by absurd and illogical ideas and beliefs that are often highly elaborated and organized into a coherent, yet delusional framework
- paranoid schizophrenia
- disorganized schizophrenia
-
characterized by disorganized speech, disorganized behavior, and flat or inappropriate affect.
gradual, insidious onset. occurs at earlier age - catatonic schizophrenia:
-
pronounced motor signs, either of excited or stuporous type
immobile body
excessive motor activity
extreme negativism
echolalia or echopraxia - resistance to being moved or following instructions
- negativism
- imitate the actions of others
- echopraxia
- imitate phrases of others
- echolalia
- undifferentiated schizophrenia
- meets usual criteria for schizophrenia but does not clearly fit into one of the other subtypes because of a mixed-symptom picture
- residual schizophrenia
- a category for people who have suffered at least one episode of schizophrenia but do not now show any prominent positive symptoms
- schizoaffective disorder
- people who have features of schizophrenia and severe mood disorder. person has psychotic symptoms that meet criteria for schizophrenia but also has marked changes in mood for a substantial amount of time
- schizophreniform disorder
- schizophrenia like psychosis that last at least a month but do nt last for 6 months and do not warrant a diagnosis of schizophrenia
- delusional disorder
- patients hold beliefs that are considered completely false and absurd by those around them
- involves the sudden onset of psychotic symptoms or grossly disorganized or catatonic behavior. usually only last a matter of days
- brief psychotic disorder
- ways in which dopamine could become too available in synapse
-
1) increasing the synthesis or production of dopamine
2) releasing more dopamine into the syanapse
3) slowing down rate of metabolism
4) blocking neuronal reuptake - postmortem studies show that there are more ____ receptors in the brains of patients with schizophrenia than in controls
- D2
- a measure of the family environment that is based on how a family member speaks about the patient during a private interview with a researcher
- expressed emotion
- examples of first gen antipsychotics
-
Thorazine
Haldol
(neuroleptics) - works by blocking and interfering with dopamine receptors (specifically, D2)
- anti-psychotics
- work best for the positive symptoms of schizophrenia
- first gen antipsychotics
- extrapyramidal side effects (EPS)
-
involuntary movements such as muscle spasms, rigidity, tremors, etc
Minorities such as african americans are at increased risk of these - involuntary movements of the mouth and lips even when not speaking
- tardive dyskinesia
- Examples of second generation anti-psychotics
-
Clozaril
Risperdal
Zyprexa
Seroquel
Geodon
More recently, Abilify - Effective in relieving both positive and negative side effects of schizophrenia
- second generation anti-psychotics
- agranulocytosis
- a drop in white blood cells that has the potential to be fatal. seen in 1 in 100 cases of patients who take clozapine (regular blood tests required)
- "Increased blockade of _____ receptors is associated with patients reporting more negative subjective experiences such as feeling tired or depressed"
- D2