poli sci 1000 part 3
Terms
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- political culture
- the fundamental political values beliefs and orientations that are widely held within a political community
- political efficacy
- the attitude that individuals can have an impact on political decisions and that government is responsive to what people want
- life cycle effect
- the effect of ones age on ones attitudes and behaviour. as people grow older their attitudes and behaviours may change due to changing circumstances (such as edu, marriage, employment, retirement)
- generational effect
- the effect on attitudes behaviour of the views of different generations that persist throughout the life cycle
- political socialization
- the processes by which the values attitudes and beliefs of the political culture transmitted to members of the political community
- postmaterialist theory
- a theory that modern societies are undergoing a fundamental change in value priorities because generations that grew up in the relative security and affluence of the western world since world war 2 are more likely to give priority to postmaterialist values than material values
- postmaterialist values
- non materialist values such as freedom of expression, participation, concern about the quality of life and appreciation of a more beautiful environment
- new style of citizen politics
- a set of changes including greater citizen activism, the questioning of authority, the development of new political parties and new social movements, the raising of new types of issues and the development of more liberal social values
- political party
- an organization that has a central role in the competition for political power in legislative bodies and in governing
- cadre party
- a loosely organized party usually established by members of a legislative body with the support of local notables. cadre parties are concerned primarily with electing members of the party to legislative bodies, rather than with building a strong centralized membership based organization outside of the legislature
- mass party
- a party that draws its support from a regular dues paying membership and features a strong party organization outside of the legislature
- party convention
- a meeting of delegates from party constituency associations as well as the party's legislators and party officials
- iron law of oligarchy
- a generalization that claims that all organizations, even those that appear democratic, inevitably become dominated by a small group of leaders
- electoral-professional party
- a political party whose dominant concern is winning elections and that relies on professional experts to market the party to voters
- brokerage party
- a party that attempts to find compromises to accommodate a variety (particularly regional and ethnic/cultural divisions) so as to try to build broad support across the country in a non ideological manner
- programmatic party
- a party that has a distinct ideological perspective or a coherent set of policy goals that are consistently followed over time
- personalistic party
- a party established to promote the election of a particular individual as prime minister or president
- cleavage
- a social division that involves those associated with each grouping having a distinct collective identity and distinct interests that can lead to the development of organizations such as political parties that reflect the different sides of the social division
- two party
- a party system in which two major parties contend to control the government. two party systems are competitive in the sense that a single party does not govern for a lengthy period of time
- multiparty system
- a political party system featuring several parties that are significant actors in the competition for political power
- one party dominant system
- a party system in which a single party rules for long periods of time and the opposition parties are not likely to gain the support needed to successfully challenge the dominant party for control of the government
- primary election
- a state run election in which citizens select the candidates for the party they support prior to the general election
- party caucus
- a closed door meeting of the party's parliamentary members