Renal Test
Terms
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- The Kidneys lie _____
- Retroperitoneal
- Which kidney is lower?
- right
- THe kidney is located against ____wall next to spine _____
- posterior, laterally
- The kidneys main function is to _____bld.
- filter
- The average kidney is ____long, ____wide, ____AP (thick)
- 9-12, 4-5 cm, 3-4cm
- The right adrenal is ____,____,_____to RT kidney
- anterior, superior, medial
- The liver is ____and ____to Right Kidney
- anterior and lateral
- The 2nd part of the duodenum is ___ and ____ to Right Kidney
- anterior and medial
- THe tail of pancreas is ____and ____ to left kidney
- ant and medial
- The stomach is ____and _____ to left kidney
- anterior and superior
- The Lt adrenal is ____and ____ to lt kidney
- superior and medial
- The Spleen is ____and _____to lt kidney
- anteriorsuperior and lateral
- The Psoas muscle is ____and ____to kidneys
- posterior and medial
- The quadratus laborum is ___and lies between ____and ____
- posterior and lies between medial and lateral
- The transverse muscle is ____and ____to kidneys
- posterior and lateral
- The diaphragm is _____and ____to both
- posterior and superior to both
- the kidney is an _____organ
- excretory
- Travel of urine
- Kidneys, urters, bladder, urethra, out
- Functions of kidneys:
-
1. detoxification
2. regulation of BP
3. maintain balance, minerals, salts, irons pH - Lateral borders are _____
- convex
- Medial borders of kidneys are ____
- concave
- inner most covering, tough not connected
- fibrous capsule
- is connected to fat in renal sinus
- perirenal fat
- surrounds fibrous capsule and perirenal fat, anchors kidney
- renal fascia
- thick outside
- pararenal fat
- parenchyma is composed of :
- cortex and meduall
- outer portion
- cortex
- contains renal corpuscle and prox/dist/ convoluted tubules of nephron
- cortex
- ______meduallary pyramids
- 8-18
- contains loop of henle and column of bertin
- medulla
- ___separtates cortex from medulla
- arcuate cortex
- cortical bands of tissue that separate pyramids
- columns of bertin
- minor calyces =
- number of pyramids
- major calyces =
- recieve wine and convey to pelvis
- Blood floow order:
-
Renal artery
segmental artery
interlobar artery
arcurate artery
afferent artyer
glomerulus - beginning in renal pelvis what are the three layers:
-
1. inner (mucosal) layer
2. medial (long and circular smooth muscle) Layer
3. outer (fibrous)layer - ____travels caudally to posterior of bladder
- ureter
- base of bladder urine travels through peristalsis
- trigone
- 4 layers of bladder:
-
inner mucosal layer
submucosaal layer
muscularis layer
outer serosa layer - the bladder is supported by ____
- ligaments
- normal wall of bladder is less than ____
- 3 to mm
- female urethra is
- 4 cm
- male urethra is
- 20 cm
- BUN stands for
- blood, urea, nitrogen
- BUN= ___mg/dl
- 26
- creatine= ___mg/dl
- 1.1
- Both tests measure what?
- the amount of nitrogenous waste in urine
- Elevated BUN can indicate:
-
acute or chronic kidney disease
renal failure
CHF
dehydration
obstruction or decreased bld. flow - Increased creatine can indicate:
-
**more sensitive
1. low urine function
2. low glomeular filtration
3. pyelonephritis
4. ATN- acute tubular necrosis
5. obstructin
6. diabetes mellitus - decreased creatine can indicate:
-
muscle weakness
hyperthyroidism
starvation - What are the 2 types of nephrons:
-
cortical
juxtomeduallary - Which nephron secretes renin and why?
- juxtameduallary; when we have low Bld. Pressure
- Functional unit of Kidney
- nephron
- moves metabolic products from a high concentration area to a low concetration area via osmosis
- nephron
- The nephron consists of ___and ___
- renal corpuscle and renal tubule
- contains bowmans capsule and glomerulus
- renal corpuscle
- contains prox/dist convoluted tubule and loop of henle
- renal tubule
- 2 main functions of kidney
- filtering and homestatsis
- how does kidney filter:
- remove by products of metabolism; nitrogeonous waste
- how much bld. is filtered a day?
- 45 gallons a day
- During homeostasis, the kidney regulates what 2 things?
-
1. fluid (bld. volume)
2. regulate electrolyte balance - 2 hormones that the kidney controls are
- aldosterone and ADH
- aldosterone is produced by
- adrenal cortex
- aldosterone increases _____
- blood pressure
- ADH is produced by
- posterior pituitary gland
- ADH increases
- blood volume
- Erythroprotein is excreted in response to decrease levels of ___ when we hemmorage
- Oxygen
- _____of blood flowing through the kidneys is filtered and returned for circulation
- 99%
- ____is eliminated as urine
- 1%
-
Neonate Kidney measurements:
____to ___cm long; ___to ___width (diameter); ____to ___AP (depth) - 3.5 to 5; 2 to 3; 1.5 to 2.5
- cortical thickening of lateral kidney; usually seen on left
- dromedary hump
- cortical parenchyma seen between pyramids
- column of bertin
- kidney did not fully "ascend"
- ectopic/pelvic kidney
- kidney ascends to contralateral side
- crossed renal ectopia
- kidneys fuse while in pelvis; ascending kidney carries other one with it
- crossed fused renal ectopia
- lower poles of both kidneys fuse; resides lower than usual
- horseshoe kidney
- absence of one or both kidneys
- agenesis
- triagular echogenic area in parenchyma of upper pole anteriorly; common
- junctional parenchymal defect
- duplication of collecting system
- duplex kidney
- two pelvices;
- partial urteral duplication
- two pelvices two ureters
- complete duplication
- ascends too high, pierces diaphragm
- thoracic diaphragm
- more than 2 kidneys, complete duplication
- supranumery