Heart sounds
Terms
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- -holosystolic, high-pitched blowing murmur -loudest at apex and radiates toward axilla
- MR/TR -MR is often caused by ischemic HD, MVP, or LV dilation -TR is loudest at tricuspid area and radiates to R sternal border; due to RV dilation or endocarditis
- -crescendo-decrescendo systolic ejection murmur -follows ejection click -radiates to carotids/apex
- AS -LV>>aortic pressure -pulsus parvus et tardus, pulses weak compared to heart sounds -can lead to syncope
- -holosystolic, harsh-sounding murmur -loudest at tricuspid area
- VSD
- -late systolic murmur -midsystolic click
- MVP -most common valvular lesion -usually benign -can predispose to infective endocarditis -loudest at S2
- immediate high-pitched blowing diastolic murmur
- AR -wide pulse pressure when chronic -often due to aortic root dilation, bicuspid aortic valve, rheumatic fever
- -delayed rumbling late diastolic murmur -follows opening snap
- MS -LA>>LV during diastole -secondary to rheumatic fever
- continuous machine-like murmur
- PDA -loudest at S2
- -occurs in early diastole during rapid ventricular filling -more common in dilated ventricles
- S3
- -late diastole -high atrial pressure -associated with ventricular hypertrophy
- S4 "atrial kick"