CH 3 Anatomy
Terms
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- reproductive cells; male sperm/female oocyte
- sex cells (germ cells)
- all body cells except sex cells
- somatic cells
- watery medium cell is surrounded by
- extracellular fluid
- separates cytoplasm from extracellular fluid
- plasma membrane
- term for liquid
- cytosol
- intracellular structures
- organelles
- hydrophilic and hydrophobic; barrier to ions/water
- phospholipid molecules
- membrane proteins: within membrane
- integral
- membrane proteins: bound to inner or outer surface of the membrane
- peripheral
- attaches to inside or outside structures
- anchoring proteins (stabilizers)
- label cells as normal/abnormal
- recognition proteins (identifiers)
- catalyze reactions
- enzymes
- bind/respond to ligands
- receptor proteins
- transport specific solutes thru membrane
- carrier proteins
- regulate water flow/solutes thru membrane
- channels
- all materials inside the cell and outside the nucleus
- organelles and cytoplasm
- dissolved materials; high potassium low sodium; high protein; high carbs/low amino acid + fat
- cytosol
- structures with specific functions
- organelles
- no membrane; direct contact with cytosol
- nonmembranous organelles
- covered with plasma membrane; isolated from cytosol
- membranous organelles
- thin filaments composed of actin
- microfilaments
- roles of cytoskeleton
- 1. additional mechanical strength 2. muscle movement
- in cells that form a layer or lining of the intestinal tract actin filaments form a layer
- the terminal web
- mid sized between microfilaments/thick filaments
- intermediate filament
- large hollow protein tubes of tubulin
- microtubules
- increases surface area for absorption; attaches to cytoskeleton
- microvilli
- small hair like extensions; move fluids across cell surface
- cilia
- build polypeptides in protein synthesis
- ribosomes
- in cytoplasm; manufactures proteins
- free ribosomes
- attach to ER; manufactures proteins for secretion
- fixed ribosomes
- functions of ER
- 1. synthesis of proteins, carbs, lipids 2. storage 3. transport 4. detox
- no ribosomes attached; synthesize lipids/carbs
- smooth ER
- golgi app: modify/pack products for exocytes
- secretory vesicles
- golgi app: add/remove membrane components
- membrane renewal vesicles
- golgi app: carry enzymes to cytosol
- lysosomes
- powerful enzyme containing vesicles
- lysosomes
- formed by golgi app and inactive enzymes
- primary lysosome
- fused with damaged organelle, digestive enzymes activated, toxic chemicals isolated
- secondary lysosomes