Conditioning and Learning Ch. 3 and 4
Terms
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- backward conditioning
- the US precedes the CS
- blocking
- failure of a stimulus to become a CS when it is part of a compound stimulus that includes an effective CS
- classical conditioning
- procedure of pairing a neutral stimulus with a US
- compound stimulus
- two or more stimuli presented simultaneously, often as a CS
- conditional reflex
- reflex acquired through conditioning
- conditional response
- the response elicited by a conditional stimulus
- conditional stimulus
- the stimulus that elicits a conditional response
- contiguity
- nearness of events in time or space
- contingency
- dependency between events
- delayed conditioning
- CS starts before, and then overlaps with the US
- extinction
- the procedure of repeatedly presenting a CS without the US
- higher-order conditioning
- a stimulus is paired with a well established CS
- interstimulus interval
- the interval between the CS and US. a measure of contiguity
- intertrial interval
- interval separating the trials of a discrete trial procedure
- latent inhibition
- the failure of a CR to appear as a result of prior presentation of the SC in the absence of the US
- overshadowing
- failure of a stimulus that is part of a compound stimulus to become a CS
- trace conditioning
- the CS begins and ends before the US is presented
- pseudoconditioning
- tendency of a neutral stimulus to elicit a CR when presented after a US has elicited a reflex response
- Rescorla-Wagner model
- the amount of learning that can occur on a particular trial is limited by the nature of the CS and US and the amount of learning that has already occurred
- sensory preconditioning
- two neutral stimuli are paired after which one is repeatedly paired with a US. If the other stimulus is then presented alone it may elicit a CR even though it was never paired with the US
- simultaneous conditioning
- the CS and US occur together in time
- spontaneous recovery
- sudden reappearance of a behavior following its extinction
- stimulus-substitution theory
- theory that the CS substitutes for the US
- test trial
- presenting the CS on some occasions without the US to determine whether learning has occurred
- conditioned emotional responses
- emotional reactions learned through pavlovian conditioning
- exposure therapy
- person is gradually exposed to the fearful stimulus
- counterconditioning
- Pavlovian procedures to reverse the unwanted effects of conditioning
- systematic desensitization
- procedure in which a phobic person imagines a very weak form of the frightening CS while relaxed
- virtual reality exposure therapy
- computer simulated scenes used to help expose patients to low level fearful stimuli in an absence of real danger
- aversion therapy
- CS that elicits inappropriate sexual arousal is paired with a US that elicits and unpleasant response
- conditioned taste aversion
- pair the taste of a certain food with an aversive stimulus like nausea