INSFoundations
Terms
undefined, object
copy deck
- Seven Main Parts of CNS
- Spinal cord medulla oblongata, pons, cerebellum, midbrain, diencephalon, cerebral hemisphere
- What is the function of the Spinal Cord
- Receives and processes sensory information from the skin, joins, and muscles of the limbs and controls movement of limbs and trunk
- Where is the Medulla oblongata and what is its function
- Directly above spinal cord - responsible for digestion, breathing, and heart rate
- Pons
- Above medulla - conveys information about movement from cerebral hemisphere to cerebellum
- Where is the Cerebellum located and what is its function?
- Behind Pons, connected to brain stem by peduncles - modulates force and range of movement, involved in learning of motor skills
- Where is the Midbrain and what is its function
- Rostral to pons - controls eye movements and coordination of visual and auditory reflexes
- What makes up the Diencephalon?
- Contrains Thamalus and Hypothalamus
- What is the function of the Thalamus
- Part of diencephalon - processes most of the info reaching cerebral cortex from rest of CNS
- What is the function of the Hypothalamus
- Part of diencephalon - regulates autonomic, endocrine and visceral function
- 4 Lobes of Cerebral Cortex
- Frontal, Parietal, Temporal & Occipital
- What makes up the hindbrain?
- Medulla, pons, and cerebellum
- What makes up the forebrain?
- The diencephalon and cerebral hemispheres
- What are the 3 main sulci
- Parieto-Occipital, Central, and Sylvian
- Functions of the frontal lobe
- Personality, Learning & Memory, Motor Function, Broca's Area
- 4 Gyri of Frontal Lobe
- Prefrontal Gyrus (motor), superior frontal gyrus, middle frontal gyrus, inferior frontal gyrus
- Functions of Parietal Lobe
- Sensations (touch, pain/temp), associations (cross modality), language, spatial integration
- 3 Gyri of Parietal Lobe
- Postcentral Gyrus (somato sensory), supramarginal gyrus (spatial orientation, associations), angular gyrus (language)
- What is the main function of postcentral gyrus
- Located in Parietal Lobe, the postcentral gyrus is the somatosensory area
- What is the main function of supramarginal gyrus?
- Located in parietal lobe, the supramarginal gyrus is involved in spatial orientations and associations
- What is the main function of the angular gyrus?
- located in the parietal lobe, the angular gyrus is responsible for language
- What information does the Temporal Lobe deal with
- Auditory, Learning & Memory, Emotions, Sensory Integration
- 3 main gyri of temporal lobe
- Superior temporal gyrus (auditory), middle temporal gyrus (?), inferior temporal gyrus (?)
- What is the function of the Occipital Lobe
- Vision, visual processing
- Where is the Insular Lobe and what is it responsible for
- seen by pulling back opercular parts of temporal, frontal, and parietal lobes - responsible for vegetative states, interoceptive sensations, and interactions with taste, smell & sickness
- What can occur as a result of insult to the supramarginal gyrus?
- Hemispatial Neglect
- What area is within the angular gyrus?
- Wenicke's area
- In what brain area do saccades occur?
- superior colliculi
- If you hear a sound and jump, which brain area was involved in the coordinating the motor response with hearing?
- The inferior colliculi
- 3 Main ventricles
- Lateral (septum pellucidum, foramen of Monro), Third (cerebral acqueduct), Fourth
- What is the Limbic System responsible for?
- Emotions, Endocrine, Learning & Memory
- What structures comprise the limbic system?
- Cingulate gyrus, amygdala, hippocampus, hypothalamus
- What is the cingulate gyrus?
- Anxiety, reward, and avoidance
- What is the function of the amygdala
- Emotions
- What is the function of the Hippocampus
- spatial learning, short term memory (fornix)
- What is function of the hypothalamus?
- Neuroendicrine, circadian rhythms, emotional reflexes (stress, aggression, rage)
- What is the function of the thalamus?
- Relay/Integrator of information coming from CNS
- 8 Nuclei of Thamalus
- Medial geniculate, lateral geniculate, ventral posterior lateral, ventral posterior medial, ventral anterior, ventral lateral, association nuclei, nonspecific nuclei
- What information does the medial geniculate nucleus deal with
- hearing
- what information does the lateral geniculate nucleus deal with
- vision
- what information does the ventral posterior lateral nucleis of the thalamus deal with
- somatosensory input from the body
- what information does the ventral posterior medial nucleus deal with
- somatosensory input from the face
- what information does the ventral anterior nucleus deal with
- motor
- what information does the ventral lateral nucleus deal with
- motor
- What is the function of the basal ganglia?
- Intentional movement, reinforcement, learning and memory
- What substructures make up the basal ganglia?
- Caudate, Putamen, Globus pallidus, substantia nigra
- Where is the Substantia Nigra located, and what is it responsible for?
- Midbrain - dopamine
- If the substantia nigra is not working properly, what is the disease
- Parkinson's Disease is caused by a lack of dopamine production in the substantia nigra
- What comprises the lentiform nucleus?
- Putamen and Globus Pallidus
- 9 major fiber connections
- Corpus callosum, anterior commisure, posterior commisure, fornix, internal capsule, mammilothalamic tract, ansa lenticularis, lenticular fasciculus, external capsule
- What is the Corpus callosum
- Major fiber tract between hemispheres (genu, body, splenum)
- What is the Anterior Commisure
- fiber tract which brings olfactory info to frontal lobe
- What is the Fornix
- connects hippocampus and septal nuclei to hypothalamus
- What is the function of the Internal capsule
- Fibers that connect putamen and caudate
- Nucleis basalis
- involved in production of cholinergic neurotransmitters, implicated in alzheimer's disease
- Where is the Nucleus Accumbens and what is its function
- Part of basal ganglia (located at head of caudate) - implicated in reward, laughter, pleasure, addiction, fear and placebo effect
- What is the function of the external capsule
- There is no known function
- Who is Ramon y Cajal
- Founder of idea that nervous system is composed of discreet cells