Psyc exam 3: people and theories
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- Francis Galton's theory of intelligence
- Poor people need to stop having babies because they're dumb. Upper class people need to have more babies because they are smart.
- Alfred Binet's intelligence test
- identify "mentally subnormal" children. Coined term "mental age."
- Lewis Terman's intelligence test
- From Stanford. Made Stanford-Binet test. IQ is mental age over chronological age times 100.
- David Wechsler's intelligence test
- discarded IQ equation. Developed WAIS (adult), WISC (children), WPPSI (preschool). Tests overall IQ, verbal IQ, and performance IQ.
- Howard Gardener's intelligence test
- HOW are you intelligent? 8 different areas of intelligence. Considered by some to be too specific.
- Sternberg's Triarchic Theory of Intelligence
- Three main types of intelligence: analytical, creative, practical.
- Goleman's Emotional Intelligence Theory
- Perceive and express emotions accurately and adaptively. Use feeling to facilitate thought. Manage emotions.
- Gesell's test of infant intelligence
- distinguishes normal versus abnormal in motor, language, adaptive, personal, social. Overall score=DQ (developmental quotient)
- Bayley's test of infant intelligence
- Widely used. Tests mental, motor, and behavior skills.
- J. Horn's theory of fluid and crystallized intelligence
- Crystallized= accumulated information and verbal skills. Increases with age. Fluid=ability to reason abstractly. Decreases with age.
- Kagan's behavioral inhibition theory
- differences between children. Shy, subdued, and timid. Or sociable, extraverted, and bold.
- Freud's theory of attachment
- Attached to person who provides oral stimulation. Disproven by Harlow's study with monkeys.
- Erikson's theory of attachment
- First year of life is imperative to development.
- Bowlby's theory of attachment
- Attachment is important in first year of life and also the responsiveness of caregiver.
- Mary Ainsworth's study of attachment
- Studied measure of attachment to caregiver. Video of baby whose mom disappears.
- Sternberg's Triarchic Theory of Love
- Passion, intimacy, commitment are the three components of a love relationship.
- Erikson's theory of identity
- Identity v. Identity confusion: 5th stage of development in adolescence; find out who you are. Psychosocial moratorium: gap between childhood security and adult autonomy that adolescents experience as a part of identity exploration.
- James Marcia's theory of identity status changes in adolescents
- 4 different statuses: diffusion, foreclosure, moratorium, achievement.