Science IA- Final
Terms
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- Fats and Oils:
- long term energy storage.
- How many elements are there?
- 118
- Phospholipids:
- structural components of cell membranes.
- Prostaglandins:
- local messenger molecules in vertebrates.
- Steroids:
- fat-soluble hormones.
- Terpenes:
- pigments like chlorophyll.
- Waxes:
- waterproof coating, long term energy storage in some marine organisms.
- What are disaccarides?
- made from 2 or more monosaccarides (glucose x 27) ex.- sucrose (table sugar), maltose (malt sugar), lactose (milk sugar).
- What are fatty acids?
- hydrocarbon chain with a carboxyl group at one end.
- What are hydrogen bonds?
- weak attraction... an attraction between two molecules.
- What are ionic bonds?
- a bond between a metal and a nonmetal, such as Na and Cl
- What are lipids?
- macromolecules that do not dissolve in water.
- What are monosaccarides?
- simple sugars such as glucose: C6 H12 O6
- What are polysaccarides?
- hade of hundreds to thousands of monosaccarides. are starches.
- What are some examples of bonds?
- H20 = water, CO2 = carbon dioxide, NaCl = salt, HCl = hydrocloric acid, H202 = hydrogen peroxide, H2SO4 = sulpheric acid.
- What are some forms of plant starches?
- amylose, amylopectin.
- What are some important qualities of carbohydrates?
- made of C, H, O. ratio of 1;2;1
- What are some important qualities of starches?
- short term energy storage, has a glucose 1-4 linkage.
- What are some other structures of the atom?
- photon, meson, glucon, neutrino, quark.
- What are some qualities of water?
- polar compound, has solvent qualities, capillary abilities.
- What are the properties of water?
- adhesion, surface tension, capillary action, high specific heat, thermal conductivity, water as a solvent.
- What are the two subunits that make up fats and oils?
- glycerol and fatty acids.
- What do bonds form?
- molecules.
- What does the Latin name for atom mean?
- atomista: indivisible
- What does the structure of a nucleus look like?
- protons and neutrons, surrounded by electrons in shells
- What is a covalent bond?
- a nonmetal and a nonmetal, such as C and C
- What is adhesion?
- sticking together of water- meniscus effect
- What is amylopectin?
- a plant starch chain with some branching.
- What is amylose?
- an unbranched chain of plant starch. ex. s-s-s-s-s-s-s
- What is capillary action?
- movement of fluid into a narrow space.
- What is cellulose?
- a structural component of plant cell walls.
- What is chitin?
- a modified cellulose (actually a glucosamine) found in fungal cell walls and exoskeletons of insects. (have N added to the glucose sub-units).
- What is glycerol?
- a 3-carbon carbohydrate.
- What is high specific heat?
- amount of heat energy needed to raise the temp... heats up easily.
- What is specific to organic compounds?
- they contain carbon, makeup living things, and have a unique shape.
- What is surface tension?
- makes the surface appear to be covered by a skin.
- What is the latin name for atom?
- atomista
- What is thermal conductivity?
- transfers heat, heat added at one point spreading rapidly.
- What is water as a solvent?
- more substances dissolve in water than any other substance.
- What lipid is liquid at room temperature?
- oils
- What lipid is solid at room temperature?
- fats
- What percent of water makes up all life?
- 75%
- Why are cellulose and chitin good structural components?
- they cannot be digested by most organisms.
- Why do chemical reactions depend on water?
- they break down and combine molecules.
- why do we change classes?
- because we are able to cover more information and thus do better in college... or because all sciences relate.