Science IA Final: continued
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- what are some uses for proteins?
- enzymes: special protein that control chemical reactions structural components: made of smaller molecules called amino acids.
- What are polymers?
- many carbon molecules combined.
- How many parts do amino acids have?
- 4 parts attacked to a central carbon.
- What are the four parts to an amino acid?
- amino group (NH2) carboxyl acid (COOH) R-group (radical)-can be almost anything, makes each amino acid different.
- What is shape determined by?
- its function, which is determined by primary structure.
- What does dehydration synthesis do?
- takes out H20 from amino acids being combined.
- What are di-sulfide bonds?
- in protein structure, covalent bond between sulfur atoms.
- What are nucleotides?
- submolecules of DNA and RNA
- What are DNA/RNA?
- blueprint of life that controls the cell (duncanized: barcode of life).
- What are the three parts to a nucleotide?
- phosphate molecule, 5-carbon sugar, nitrogen bases.
- What are nucleic acids made from?
- nucleotides.
- What is DNA?
- deoxyribonucleic acid.
- What does DNA contain?
- instructions to make proteins and control heredity- large sections called genes.
- What does DNA make up?
- chromosomes.
- What does DNA look like?
- a double-stranded helix.
- What is on the outside and inside of DNA?
- outside: phosphates and sugar inside: nitrogen bases held together by hydrogen bonds.
- What are the four bases in DNA and how are they paired?
- cytosine and guanine, adenine and thymine.
- who first observed the cell?
- robert hooke
- when and with what did Hooke observe the cell with?
- 1665- using the early microscope.
- who invented the microscope?
- anton van leewenhoek.
- Who published the Cell Theory and when?
- Schleiden and Schwann, 1837.
- What did the Cell Theory say?
- -the cell is the basic unit of structure and function of all living things (plant and animal). -all cells come from preexisting cells by a process of cell reproduction (fission).
- What are the parts of cells called?
- organelles
- What does the nucleus do?
- controls all activities of the cell.
- What does the nucleus contain?
- DNA-threadlike molecule which contains coded information, which controls the manufacture of all proteins. DNA can reproduce itself (replication).
- What is the nucelolus?
- spherical structure located inside the nucleus. contains RNA(can't reproduce). carries the codes for the proteins from the DNA to the place where they will be made.
- What is the nuclear membrane?
- protein structure. contains many holes called annuli which allow the RNA molecules to come and go.
- What are annuli?
- holes in the nuclear membrane that allow messenger RNA to pass through.
- What is cytoplasm?
- gel like material which lies between the nucleus and the cell membrane. contains the various cell structures and all the chemicals necessary for life.
- What are the chemicals necessary for life?
- amino acids, glucose, fats, enzymes, hormones, vitamins, HOH, and ions.
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