Agriculture-Ch.10
Terms
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- Agribuisness
- Where family farms are integrated into a large food production industry.
- Agriculture
- Deliberate modification of Earth's surface through cultivation of plants and rearing of animals to obtain sustenance or economic gain.
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Cereal Grain
- A crop such as oats, wheat, rye, or barley.
- Chaff
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The "husks" of rice.
- Combine
- A machine that reap, threshes, and and cleans the wheat all in one operation instead of three.
- Commercial Agriculture
- Found mostly in MDC's, the production of food primarily for sale off the farm.
- Crop
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Any plant cultivated by humans.
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Crop Rotation
- The practice of rotating use of different fields from crop to crop each year to avoid exhausting the soil.
- Desertfication
- The process that occurs from humans using up all the water in semiarid areas.
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Double Cropping
- A process that produces 2 harvests on one field in one year. Practiced a lot in Asia.
- Grain
- The seed from various grasses, like wheat, corn, oats, barley, rice, millet and others.
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Green Revolution
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The invention and rapid diffusion of more productive agricultural techniques during the 1970's and 1980's.
- Horticulture
- The growing of fruits, vegetables, flowers, and tree crops.
- Hull
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The outer covering of rice.
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Intensive Subsistence Agriculture
- The term that is used to describe the intensity that farmers in high density areas have to work to grow crops.
- Milkshed
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The ring surrounding a city from which milk can be supplied without spoiling.
- Paddy
- The Malay word for wet rice that Europeans and North Americans use even though it is incorrect.
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Pastoral Nomadism
- A form of subsistence agriculture based on the herding of domesticated animals.
- Pasture
- Grass or plants grown for feeding grazing animals,as well as land used for grazing.
- Plantation
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A large farm that specializes in one or two crops.
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Prime Agricultural Land
- The most productive farmland.
- Ranching
- The commercial grazing of livestock over an extensive area.
- Reaper
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A machine that cuts grain standing in the field.
(Permitted large scale wheat production.)
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Ridge Tillage
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A system of planting crops on ridge tops.
- Sawah
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The word for the flooded rice field in the Austronesian language.
(Spoken widely in Indonesia, including Java.)
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Seed Agriculture
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The reproduction of plants through annual planting of seeds that result from sexual fertilization.
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Shifting Cultivation
- The smaller scale of farming in village LDC's, known by slash and burn as well as growing crops on a piece of land until the nutrients are gone then leave it to recover.
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Slash and Burn Agriculture
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Where farmers slash vegetation and burn the debris.
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Spring Wheat
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Wheat that is planted in the spring of places with winters too cold and severe to have winter wheat.
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Subsistence Agriculture
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Usually found in LDC's. The production of food for the farmer's family to eat.