Psych Ch. 2
Terms
undefined, object
copy deck
- Surveys
-
Researchers use interviews or questionnaires to ask people about their behavior, attitudes, beliefs, opinions, or intentions.
- Case Studies
-
An intensive examination of a phenomenon in a particularindividual, grou, or situation.
-May include: tests, interviews, and analysis of written records. -
Confounding Variable
- Any factor that might have affected the dependent variable, along with or instead of the independent variable.
- Critical Thinking
-
The process of assessing claims and making judgments on the basis of well-supported evidence.
1. What am I being asked to believe or accept?
2. What evidence is available to support the assertion?
&n -
Experimenter Bias
- The unintentional effect that experimenters may exert on result.
- Experiments
- Situations in which the researcher manipulates one variable and observes the effect of that manipulation on another variable.
-
Four Main goals in research
-
-Describe a phenonmena
-make predictions about it
-introduce enough control over the variables
-to allow them to explain the phenomenon with some degree of confidence.
- Hypothesis
-
A specific, testable proposition about something they want to study.
- Naturalistic Observation
-
(considered the best way to gather descriptive date)
- The process of watching without interfering with a phenomena as it occurs in the natural environment.
-
Operational Definitions
- Statements describing the exact operations or methods they use to manipulate and/or measure the variables in their research.
- Quasi-Experiments
-
Studies whose designs approximate the control of a true experiment but do not include the random assignment of participants to treatment groups.
-
Random Assignment
-
Randomly assign participants into a control of experimental group.
-
Random Variables
- Uncontrolled, sometimes uncontrollable, factors such as differences among the participants (backgrounds, personalities, physical health, or vulnerability to stress) as well as differences in research conditions such as the time of day temperature, or nois
- Theory
- An integrated set of statements designed to account fo, predict, and even suggest ways of controlling certain phenomena.
- Variables
-
Specific factors or characteristics that are manipulated and measured in research.