us hist ch. 19
Terms
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- "Mugwumps"
- republicans in favor of civil service reform broke with their party in 1880 out of digust withthe spoils system supported the Democratic candidate
- 1886 Wabash decision
- Supreme Court ruled that states could not set rates on commerce between states - damaging decision to the Granger movement
- Bimetallists
- nicknames for the Grangers, Populists, and agrarian activists of the late 19th century who advocated basing money on silver and gold also called Free Silverites
- Coxey's Army
- Jacoby Coxey organized a group after the Panic of 1893 to march to Washington, DC to protest Cleveland's insensitivity 1894
- Democratic positions:
- 1. oppose laws limiting immoral behavior 2. more support from immigrants and workers 3. strength in the southern states and industrial cities
- gold standard
- the amount of money in circulation is tied to the amount of gold in the treasury
- Granger laws
- local laws to regulate power of the railroads to make sure things are fair
- In 1892, a moer significant agrarian formation, ______, developed as the Grange declined in influence
- the Populist Party
- Interstate Commerce Commission
- set up by the federal government nation's first independent regulatory agency
- Munn v. Illinois 1877
- Supreme Court upheld a state's right to regulate railroad rates and private industry
- origins of Granger movement and Populist party
- series of difficulties farmers faced in second half of the 19th century (railroads, debt, deflation)
- Panic of 1893
- thousands of businesses collapsed, banks closed their doors, and uneployment soared
- Pendleton Act 1883
- to create a civil service based on merit rather than patronage
- populist movement
- the agrarian uprising, the most potent political movemtn of the Gilded Age
- Populist Party of the late 19th century
- posed one of the most formidable challenges to the two-party system
- Presidents of the Gilded Age: (referred to as "forgotten presidents")
- Hayes Garfield Arthur Cleveland Harrison
- Republican positions:
- 1. want laws limiting immoral behavoir - blue laws 2. dominate most northern states 3. support higher tariffs to benefit US industry
- Stalwarts
- opposed to civil service reform
- the platform of the Populist Party (didn't get much support from the workers)
- 1. a call to inrease the money supply 2. backing money with silver as well as gold 3. graduated income tax 4. direct election of senators 5. 8 hour day 6. restrictions on immigration 7. secret ballots [all the above adopted] 8. nationalizing banks
- the plight of farmers:
- 1. mechanization led to decrease in the prices farmers recieved for their crops 2. farmers went into debt buying expensive new farming equipment 3. tight money supply caused deflation = deadly for farmers 4. hard for farmers to pay off debts to credito
- two-party system
- a polital system dominated by two parties voter's reluctance to support third parties reinforce the two-party system