ch 9 diagnostic terms
Terms
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- Cushing syndrome
- a collection of signs and symptoms caused by an excessive level of cortisol hormone from any cause, such as a result of excessive production by the adrenal gland (often as a result of tumor), or more commonly as a side effect of treatment with glucocorticoid (steroid) hormones such as prednisone for asthma, rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, or other inflammatory diseases; symptoms include upper body obesity, facial puffiness (moon-shaped appearance), hyperglycemia, weakness, thin, and easily bruised skin with stria (stretch marks), hypertension, and osteoporosis
- pituitary gland (hyphosis)
- a gland that secrets hormones that regulate the function of other glands, such as thyroid gland, adrenal glands, ovaries, and testicle's; considered the master gland
- adrenal virilism
- excessive output of the adrenal seretion of androgen (male sex hormone) in adult women caused by tumor or hyperplasia; evidenced by amenorrhea (absence of menstruation), acne, hirsutism, and deepening of the voice (virilis= masculine)
- pituitary gigantism
- condition of hypersecretion of growth hormone during childhood bone development that leads to an abnormal overgrowth of bone, especially of the long bones; most often caused by pituitary tumor
- Type 1 diabetes mellitus
- diabetes in which there is no beta cell production of insulin, and the patient is dependent on insulin for survival
- myxedema
- advanced hypothyroidism in adults characterized by sluggishness, slow pulse, puffiness in hands and face, and dry skin (myx= mucous)
- insulin
- a hormone secreted by the beta cells of the Islets of Langerhans of the pancreas responsible for regulating the metabolism of glucose (insulin= island)
- hyperinsulinism
- condition resulting from an excessive amount of insulin in the blood that draws sugar out of the bloodstream, resulting in hypoglycemia, fainting, and convulsions; often caused by an overdose of insulin or by a tumor of the pancreas
- pituitary dwarfism
- condition of congenital hyposecretion of growth hormone slowing growth and causing short yet proportionate stature (not affecting intelligence), often treated during childhood with growth hormone; other forms of dwarfism are most often caused by gene defects
- acromegaly
- disease characterized by enlarged features, especially the face and hands, caused by hypersecretion of the pituitary growth hormone after puberty, when normal bone growth has stopped; most often caused by a pituitary tumor
- hypothyroidism
- condition of hyposecretion of the thyroid gland causing low thyroid levels in the blood that result in sluggishness, slow pulse, and often obesity
- Type 2 diabetes mellitus
- diabetes in which either the body does not produce enough insulin, or there is insulin resistance (a defective use of the insulin that is produced); the patient usually is not dependent on insulin for survival
- hypoparathyroidism
- hyposecretion of the parathyroid glands
- goiter
- enlargement of the thyroid gland caused by thyroid dysfunction, tumor, lack of iodine in the diet, or inflammation (goiter= throat)
- hyperthyroidism, Graves disease, thyrotoxicosis
- condition of hypersecretion of the thyroid gland characterized by protrusion of the eyeball (exophthalmos), tachycardia, goiter, and tumor
- pancreatitis
- inflammation of the pancreas
- cretinism
- condition of congenital hypothyroidism in children that results in a lack of mental development and dwarfed physical stature
- hyperparathyroidism
- hypersecretion of the parathyroid glands, usually caused by a tumor
- diabetes mellitus (DM)
- metabolic disorder caused by the absence or insufficient production of insulin secreted by the pancreas resulting in the hyperglycemia and glycosuria (diabetes= passing through; mellitus= sugar)