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A100 Midterm

Terms

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Film communicates with us in 2 ways:
Form Style
The dominant ideology in the US has always been an is:
white patriarchal capitalism
White patriarchal capitalism is:
The belief that the people of Caucasian decent are better than everyone else
hegemony
the ongoing struggle to maintain the consent of the people to a system that governs them (which may or may not oppress them in some way).
Repressive State Apparatuses (RSAs)
*explicit means of maintaining hegemonic order. institutionalized group that is able to suppress minorities Ex. Police, laws, Jim Crow Laws
Ideological State Apparatuses (ISAs)
*implicit means of maintaining. hegemonic order. This is when the "hearts and minds" of society are won over. This usually proves more effective. Ex. Family, church, history, school, mass media
synechdoche
part of a whole. (America/the US is part of the whole Americas)
Race
Categorization of human beings based upon external features such as skin color and hair texture. Socially/historically constructed.
3 categories of race:
1)Caucasoid (European descendants) 2) Negroid (African Descendants) 3) Mongoloid (Asian or Native American Descendants)
- Ethnicity
grouping social of people based upon shared culture and custom
- Nationality
Social grouping of ppl based upon geographical and/or political boundaries.
- Racism
belief that human beings can be meaningfully categorized into racial groups and designated as superior or inferior on the basis of those characteristics.
- Ethnocentrism
Belief that one group of people is superior to others
- Nationalism
belief that one’s national grouping is superior to others
⬢ Melting pot
a bunch of ingredients (races) all exist together without being able to see differences between each ingredient (race).
o Manifest Destiny
– the right and duty of white European settlers to bring democracy, Christianity, and better ways of life to new lands and new people
2 stereotypes of NAs that developed after columbus returned to Europe:
1) bloodthirsty savage: violent, aggressive, and demonic – bent on destroying white settlers, including women and children. 2) o Noble savage – primitive and childlike – possesses purer instincts about nature that often are used to aid and abet white settlers. Not a threat, but someone you don’t understand.
o Indian wars
battles from appox. 1850-1900 between the US cavalry and NA tribes.
- Whiteness
the characteristics the identify people as belonging to the white race
the most common and enduring designation of whiteness in the US:
White Anglo-saxon Protestant (AKA WASP)
tokenism
the inclusion of minorities to deflate potential charges of racism.
⬢ Othering
the process of defining one group against another – way dominant culture puts undesirable traits onto specific groups of people
⬢ Passing
denying of racial heritage to be accepted as white.
5 main aspects of form that help create meaning:
1)Literary design 2)visual design cinematography editing sound design
literary design
elements that come from the script Ex. setting, action, characters, etc.
visual design
mise-en-scene, which refers to the placing of objects (setting, props, characters, etc.) with in the frame.
cinematography
technical choices related to the way the film is shot by the camera (ex. lighting, filters, lenses, etc.)
editing
montage, which means the way that shots are cut and spliced together
sound design
dialogue, ambient noise, music, etc.
Classic Hollywood style
rules for narration and style.
characteristics of hollywood film (9)
compositional motivation, goal-oriented protagonist, continuity editing, dual plotline, stable characters with clear cut goals and traits, good vs. evil, narrative closure, happy ending, heterosexual romance
ideology
a system of beliefs that people share and believe to be inherently true
hegemonic negotiation
the process whereby various groups exert pressure to change dominant ideologies
White - Patriarchal- Capitalism -
White – ideology that people of Western and Northern European decent somehow better than others Patriarchal – men are most important members of society and that heterosexuality is the only acceptable sexual orientation Capitalism – belief that success and worth are measured by one’s wealth – American dream thus linked to financial success
culture
characteristic features of a civilization; behaviors that are typical of a group or a class
Subculture
culture of a marginalized or majority group
Representation
systems we use to communicate and to understand our world; mediated versions of life
Encoding
the production of the text and its meaning
Decoding
ways a text is received – ideology received implicitly or explicitly
2 common stereotypes of Irish when considered non-white:
the mick - small, fiery-tempered, heavy drinking, working-class man. The Bridget - stout and slovenly typically unintelligent house servant.
Revised stereotypes of Irish:
The colleen- under direction of white masculinity, these spunky, bright-eyed young women are quickly welcomed into the american way of life.
xenophobia
fear of foreigners

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