GI and hepatobiliary
Terms
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- associated with hepatocellular carcinoma
- hepB and C Wilson's disease hemochromatosis A1AT deficiency alcoholic cirrhosis carcinogens (aflatoxin in peanuts)
- tender hepatomegaly ascites polycythemia hypoglycemia
- hepatocellular carcinoma
- associated with acute pancreatitis
- Gallstones Ethanol Trauma Steroids Mumps Autoimmune disease Scorpion sting HyperCa, hyperlipidemia Drugs (sulfa)
- associated with pancreatic adenocarcinoma
- inc risk in Jewish or African American males associated with cigarettes (NOT alcohol)
- associated with gastric adenocarcinoma
- dietary nitrosamines achlorhydria chronic gastritis type A blood
- findings in gastric adenocarcinoma
- early aggressive local spread! signet ring cells acanthosis nigricans linitis plastica when diffusely infiltrative
- risk factors for esophageal cancer
- Alcohol/achalasia Barrett's esophagus Cigarettes Diverticuli (Zenker's) Esophageal web (Plummer-Vinson: dysphagia, glossitis, Fe deficiency anemia) Familial
- sequelae of acute pancreatitis
- DIC, ARDS (pancreatic enzymes act on lung tissue), diffuse fat necrosis, hypoCa (Ca collects in pancreatic Ca soap deposits),pseudocystformation, hemorrhage, infection
- ascending cholangitis, bile lakes, bile stasis
- secondary biliary cirrhosis due to extrahepatic biliary obstruction inc ALP, inc conjugated BR
- increased urine BR, decreased urine urobilinogen
- obstructive jaundice
- absent urine BR, increased urine urobilinogen
- hemolytic jaundice
- absent JVD; associated with pregnancy, polycythemia vera, hepatocellular carcinoma
- Budd-Chiari syndrome
- nerve that runs through parotid gland
- CN VII
- Hesselbach's triangle
- inf epigastric artery lateral border of rectus abdominis inguinal ligament
- between transversalis fascia and parietal peritoneum
- inf epigastric vessels median and medial umbilical ligaments
- take up glucose and galactose into enterocytes
- Na-dependent SGLT1
- Where is iron absorbed?
- duodenum (Fe2+)
- Where is folate absorbed?
- jejunum
- meconium ileus
- in CF, meconium plug obstructs intestine, preventing stool passage at birth
- early bilious vomiting and abd distension
- duodenal atresia
- CEA
- tumor marker for CRC and pancreatic CA
- CA-19-9
- tumor marker for pancreatic CA
- angiodysplasia
- -tortuous dilation of vessels leads to bleeding -most often in cecum and ascending colon -more common in older pts
- fatty liver (microvesicular fatty change), hypoglycemia, coma
- Reye's syndrome
- migratory thrombophlebitis
- pancreatic adenoCA
- asterixis basal ganglia degeneration ceruloplasmin dec'd, cirrhosis, corneal deposits, [hepatocellular] carcinoma, choreiform movements dementia hemolytic anemia
- Wilson's disease AR, chr 13 tx: penicillamine
- FAP with osseous and soft tissue tumors, retinal hyperplasia
- Gardner's syndrome
- FAP with glioma and/or medullblastoma
- Turcot's syndrome
- hamartomatous polyps of colon and SI hyperpigmented mouth, lips, hands, genitalia
- Peutz-Jeghers syndrome benign polyposis syndrome associated with inc risk of CRC and other visceral malignancies (pancreas, breast, stomach, ovary)
- wheezing, R-sided heart murmurs, diarrhea, flushing
- carcinoid syndrome
- string sign on barium swallow X-ray
- Crohn's disease
- acute gastritis assoc with burns
- Curling's ulcer dec plasma volume leads to sloughing of gastric mucosa
- acute gastritis assoc with brain injury
- Cushing's ulcer inc vagal stumlation leads to inc acid prodxn
- affects stomach body/fundus autoAb to parietal cells pernicious anemia achlorhydria
- Type A chronic gastritis
- Type B chronic gastritis
- affects antrum caused by H. pylori inc risk of MALT lymphoma
- gastric hypertrophy atrophy of parietal cells protein loss inc mucous cells
- Menetrier's disease precancerous
- most common malignant salivary gland tumor
- mucoepidermoid carcinoma
- most common salivary gland tumor benign painless, movable mass
- pleomorphic adenoma
- heterotopic salivary gland tumor trapped in LN, surrounded by lymphatic tissue
- Warthin's tumor