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us hist ch. 15

Terms

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15th Amendment 1870
guaranteed blacks the rite to vote by the Radicals
Freeman's Bureau
agency created to help freed men and women adjust to their new lives (by Congress)
Thaddeus Steven
raical republican senator who wanted to exclude ex-confederates from government wanted big changes in the south
Reconstruction
period after the civil war 1865-1896
Lincoln's 10 percent plan
designed to let states re-enter the union if 10 percent of the state's voters swore allegiance to the US
radical republicans
wanted a more far-reaching reconstruction plan passed the wade-davis bill pushed through a series of measures that challenged the power of the White House and eventually led to a Congressional control over Reconstruction
Wade-Davis Bill
(vetoed by Lincoln) would have mdae Reconstruction the responsibility of Congress than the president
Andrew Johnson
vice president of Lincoln, becomes president after Lincoln (not very good) allowed Black Cods and pardons almost all ex-confederates first president to be impeached/removed from office did litle to help freed men and women
black codes
discrimation against blacks, restricted blacks from marrying whites, carrying weapons, starting businesses, etc. restored many aspects of slavery
Ku Klux Klan was formed in ____
1866
The first major action that the radicals in Congress took was to:
refuse to seat the recently elected Southern legislators, many of whom had participated in the Confederacy
Civil Rights Act
guaranteed black citizenship (by Congress)
Johnson's response to Freedmen's Bureau and Civil Rights Act
vetoed both because he sees them as a threat to his power. tensions between congress and president rises. Congress overrides Johnson's vetoes
14th Amendment 1866
all person born or naturalized in the US are citizens of the country by Radicals states should guarantee all people equal protection under the law state will lose a percentage of Congressional seats if they deny male citizens the righ to vote
After Radicals proposed the 14th Amendment:
1. Congress approved it and sent it to the states to ratify 3. Johnson urged the states to not ratify it 4. Radical gained a mandate they needed to override presidential vetoes
Reconstruction Act of 1867
by Republicans over Johnson's veto (presume that Souther states, except Tennessee, didn't have legal state governments) 1. 10 remaining former Confederate states are to be divided into 5 military districts, each headed by a federal military commander
Congressional Republicans passed the Tenure of Office Act to:
protect its allies in Johnson's cabinet
the struggle after the Tenure of Office Act:
1. Johnson challenges the act by suspending Secreatry of War and Radical sympathizer Edwin Stanton (Aug 1867) 2. Radical Republicans in the House vote to impeach Johnson 3. Johnson remains in office but power over Reconstruction goes to the Congress, no
Republican Ulysses S. Grant wins the presidencey in ____
1868
scalawags
deragatory term for southern whites who joined the Southern Republican Party during Reconstruction
carpetbaggers
derisive name for Northern whites
During Reconstruction: For the first time, African Amercians were:
elected to local office, state legislatures, and even Congress
Hiram Revels
black senator from Mississippi who went into Congress
"40 acres and a mule"
never implemented by the government gives land and a mule in Georgia to freed slaves
sharecropping system
where blacks (and poor whites) would farm a few acres of a large estate and give a share (maybe half) of the crops to the owner
Reconstruction ended gradually, _____ regained power -- a process they called redemption, between 1869-1876
Southern Democrats
The final blow to the Reconstructio ncame as a result of the disputed ________.
presidential election of 1876 = neither republican candidate of democratic candiate won enough electoral votes.
Compromise of 1877
also known as Hayes-Tilden Compromise ended Reconstruction Democrats agreed to let Hayes (republican candidate) to occupy the White House if the Republicans agreed to withdraw federal troops from the South
What were some of the way that blacks were still denied the vote?
1. poll taxes: most blacks couldn't afford to pay the tax 2. literacy tests: most blacks weren't literate 3. grandfather clauses: allow men to vote if their grandfater was a voter before Reconstruction. done because some whites couldn't read
Jim Crow laws
segregated whites and blacks in public facilities
Plessy V. Ferguson 1896
Jim Crow laws declared constituational by Supreme Court "separate but equal"
bulldozing
when the whites make it too intimidating for the blacks to vote

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