us hist ch. 15
Terms
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- 15th Amendment 1870
- guaranteed blacks the rite to vote by the Radicals
- Freeman's Bureau
- agency created to help freed men and women adjust to their new lives (by Congress)
- Thaddeus Steven
- raical republican senator who wanted to exclude ex-confederates from government wanted big changes in the south
- Reconstruction
- period after the civil war 1865-1896
- Lincoln's 10 percent plan
- designed to let states re-enter the union if 10 percent of the state's voters swore allegiance to the US
- radical republicans
- wanted a more far-reaching reconstruction plan passed the wade-davis bill pushed through a series of measures that challenged the power of the White House and eventually led to a Congressional control over Reconstruction
- Wade-Davis Bill
- (vetoed by Lincoln) would have mdae Reconstruction the responsibility of Congress than the president
- Andrew Johnson
- vice president of Lincoln, becomes president after Lincoln (not very good) allowed Black Cods and pardons almost all ex-confederates first president to be impeached/removed from office did litle to help freed men and women
- black codes
- discrimation against blacks, restricted blacks from marrying whites, carrying weapons, starting businesses, etc. restored many aspects of slavery
- Ku Klux Klan was formed in ____
- 1866
- The first major action that the radicals in Congress took was to:
- refuse to seat the recently elected Southern legislators, many of whom had participated in the Confederacy
- Civil Rights Act
- guaranteed black citizenship (by Congress)
- Johnson's response to Freedmen's Bureau and Civil Rights Act
- vetoed both because he sees them as a threat to his power. tensions between congress and president rises. Congress overrides Johnson's vetoes
- 14th Amendment 1866
- all person born or naturalized in the US are citizens of the country by Radicals states should guarantee all people equal protection under the law state will lose a percentage of Congressional seats if they deny male citizens the righ to vote
- After Radicals proposed the 14th Amendment:
- 1. Congress approved it and sent it to the states to ratify 3. Johnson urged the states to not ratify it 4. Radical gained a mandate they needed to override presidential vetoes
- Reconstruction Act of 1867
- by Republicans over Johnson's veto (presume that Souther states, except Tennessee, didn't have legal state governments) 1. 10 remaining former Confederate states are to be divided into 5 military districts, each headed by a federal military commander
- Congressional Republicans passed the Tenure of Office Act to:
- protect its allies in Johnson's cabinet
- the struggle after the Tenure of Office Act:
- 1. Johnson challenges the act by suspending Secreatry of War and Radical sympathizer Edwin Stanton (Aug 1867) 2. Radical Republicans in the House vote to impeach Johnson 3. Johnson remains in office but power over Reconstruction goes to the Congress, no
- Republican Ulysses S. Grant wins the presidencey in ____
- 1868
- scalawags
- deragatory term for southern whites who joined the Southern Republican Party during Reconstruction
- carpetbaggers
- derisive name for Northern whites
- During Reconstruction: For the first time, African Amercians were:
- elected to local office, state legislatures, and even Congress
- Hiram Revels
- black senator from Mississippi who went into Congress
- "40 acres and a mule"
- never implemented by the government gives land and a mule in Georgia to freed slaves
- sharecropping system
- where blacks (and poor whites) would farm a few acres of a large estate and give a share (maybe half) of the crops to the owner
- Reconstruction ended gradually, _____ regained power -- a process they called redemption, between 1869-1876
- Southern Democrats
- The final blow to the Reconstructio ncame as a result of the disputed ________.
- presidential election of 1876 = neither republican candidate of democratic candiate won enough electoral votes.
- Compromise of 1877
- also known as Hayes-Tilden Compromise ended Reconstruction Democrats agreed to let Hayes (republican candidate) to occupy the White House if the Republicans agreed to withdraw federal troops from the South
- What were some of the way that blacks were still denied the vote?
- 1. poll taxes: most blacks couldn't afford to pay the tax 2. literacy tests: most blacks weren't literate 3. grandfather clauses: allow men to vote if their grandfater was a voter before Reconstruction. done because some whites couldn't read
- Jim Crow laws
- segregated whites and blacks in public facilities
- Plessy V. Ferguson 1896
- Jim Crow laws declared constituational by Supreme Court "separate but equal"
- bulldozing
- when the whites make it too intimidating for the blacks to vote