Burwell Midterm

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WEB Dubois: His newspaper was called "The Crisis"
Booker T. Washington: Founded the Tuskegee Institute for vocational and agricultural studies
General-in-chief of union army, organized the Army of the Potomac: George McClellan
Lincoln-Douglas Debates: covered by CSPAN/occured during 1858 campaign. popular sovereignty vs complete abolition
Know-Nothings: strove to curb immigration and naturalization, little success...mainly protestant membership
Mason-Dixon Line: demarcation line surveyed by Charles mason and Jeremiah Dixon in the resolution of a border dispute between british colonies in colonial america//now..cultural boundary between N & S (Missouri Comp)
only person executed for war crimes: Henry Wirz
Mormon Migration: Joseph Smith (Nauvoo, Illinois); Brigham Young (Salt Lake City)
African Americans will be segregated and will serve primarily in non-combat units//restrictions were eased after Pearl Harbor due to protests: War Department Policy, 1941
Lecompton Constitution: enshrined slavery and protected the rights of slave holders/allowed voters the choice of allowing more slaves to enter a territory VS Topeka Constitution
Civil Rights Act of 1964: This act forbid discrimination in several areas and forbade unfair voting requirements
citizens of the us shall not be denied the right to vote on account of race or color: 14th ammendment
CORE: Multi-racial organiztion that staged sit-ins and freedom rides
John Brown: abolitionist who led the unsuccessful raid at Harpers Ferry and the Pottawatomie Massacre in Bleeding Kansas//martyr in the North
10% of white voters of a state must take an oath supporting the constitution, the union, and freed slaves. They can then form a state gov't, write a const., and recieve a full pardon from the union: Lincoln's Plan 1863
the mutulatto: who is the 'central figure' in Brazil's racial democracy?
by will: under brazillian law, manumission was legal...
MLK: Wrote "Letter from Birmingham Jail"
Worked within american legal system to gain rights/ nonviolent/ Supported: Brown vs Board, March on WA, Mont. Bus Boycotts: NAACP
Marcus Garvey: "Africa for Africans" was his slogan
Mexican War: Caused by our boundary with TX. Settled by Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo=US given TX, NM, & CA, and pays Mexico $15 million//Brought question of Slavery expansion
Marcus Garvey: His newspaper was called "The New World"
Reasons for African American Migration 1910-1940: most were younger people w/ no recollection of slavery, pushed out by Ag. disasters, increase in jobs in north (WW1), given the vote and education for their children
Inspired by MalcomX/ killed cops/made demands with fear to unite blacks and terrorize whites: Black Panthers
50% of whites in an ex-confed. state needed to petition for a new state gov't./ were also excluded from participation unless they made an oath of loyalty to the const.: Wade-Davis Bill 1864
Gold Rush: Started by Sutter and Marshall, led to mass immigration and anarchy in CA (1849)
antebellum America: bloody battles over religion, slavery became an explosive issue, pop culture entertained thousands, artists spoke in a confident new american vernacular, american social values improving
Cumberland Road from Maryland to Illinois, Fulton Steam Engine, RR, NYC=seaport: Transportation Revolution
Superintendent of Nurses for Union: Dorthea Dix
Brigham Young: "American Moses" & President of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints/ moved 15000 mormans to Utah
N. Shiloh: Ulysses S. Grant
The North had more deaths/wounded than the south: true
Brown Vs. Board: This case strikes down separate but equal provision
Oneida Association: utopian society in upstate NY created by John Humphrey Noyes
counted slaves as 3/5 of a person: President Johnson
WEB Dubois: African-American leader who demanded opportunity for the "talented tenth"
Northern senators turned down 9000 sq miles of mex. territory to prevent spread of slavery: Gadsen Purchase
lighter sexual partners; increased immigration: "whitening" encouraged
Compromise of 1850: fugitive slave laws strengthened, Ca free state, other territories undetermined; created by Henry Clay
Dred Scott: slave who unsuccessfully sued for his freedom when his owner's wife moved into a free territory
1860: Year Lincoln was elected
On Civil Disobedience: thoreau's writings contemplating the mexican war, "the work of comparatively few individuals using the government as their tool" refused to pay his taxes
Frederick Douglass: Maryland slave who obtained his freedom and spent the rest of his life writing and campaigning for abolition
Henry David Thoreau: Transcendentalist who experimented with an isolated life at Walden Pond, where he hoped to live in harmony with nature.
Pop culture, americans mock slaves by performing african dances: Blackface
Booker T. Washington: made the "atlanta exposition" address
focused on american rights in general/education & voting registration/ nonviolent civil disobedience/ Albany Movement/Birmingham Campaign/March on WA: Southern Christian Leadership Conference
assassinated on April 14th 1865 by John Wilkes Booth at Ford's theater in Washington: Lincoln
placated the white south by claiming that blacks didn't want social equality; urged whites to give blacks economic opportunities/ advocated patience in blacks: Booker T. Washington's Atlanta Exposition
Manifest Destiny: to overspread the continent alloted by providence for the free development of our yearly multiplying nations
Whigs: opposed Jackson and the Democratic party;supported the supremacy of Congress over the Executive Branch and favored a program of modernization and economic protectionism.
Stephen Douglas: Democrat that lost to Lincoln in 1860; good orator; reopened question of Slavery in Kansas-Nebraska act
Amistad: John Quincy Adams successfully defended Africans who had seized a slave ship bound for Cuba, the _____, and landed in Connecticut. Africans murdered the ships captain and won their freedom.
Republicans in congress determined to assert authority over S. & President Johnson: Freedmen's Bureau Act, Civil Rights act of 1866, Military Occupation in the S., Impeachment of Johnson, civil war ammendments: Radical Reconstruction (1867)
Died at the battle of Chancellorsville: General Stonewall Jackson
Slaves were freed: Jan. 1, 1863
the better you dress, the better your education, and the better your social company, the whiter you appear: "money whitens"
Fort Sumter: On April 12, 1861 Confederate batteries opened fire under Major Anderson and General PGT Beauregard at
Clipper Ships: (Wood and canvas) Used narrow hulls and towering sails to attain speeds that had yet to be reached by any other sailing vessels of their size. Ventured to Canton and Shanghai for tea, silks, furs, and glassware
Montgomery Bus Boycott: Begun by Rosa Parks' stand
N. free soilers uncovered a plan by Pierce and southern collaborators to take over cuba for slavery: Ostend Manifesto
Seneca Falls Convention: first women's rights convention held in US. birthplace of feminism.
Lucretia Coffin Mott: American Quaker minister, abolitionist, social reformer and proponent of women's rights. first american feminist.
slaves down; coloreds up: In Brazil in the period of time before emancipation, what happened to the number of slaves and the number of freed coloreds?
forced congress to take a stand on slavery in new territories aquired in Mexico: Wilmot Provisio
Election of 1840: William Henry Harrison (Whigs) "hard cider and log cabins" campaign Vs. Martin Van Buren (Democrats)
James Buchanan: 15th president/ battled Stephen Douglas for control of the Democratic Party/ one of the worst presidents in our history
britain: who ended slavery in brazil
Kansas-Nebraska Act: created the territories of Kansas and Nebraska and opened them to popular soveriegnty/ divided demo. party across north, united N. whigs
William Lloyd Garrison: american abolitionist, journalist, and social reformer. editor of radical abolitionist newspaper: the liberator; one of founders of American Anti-Slavery Society
"fifty-four forty or fight": arose as a result of competing British and American claims to the Oregon Country.The region at question lay west of the Continental Divide and between the 42nd Parallel of latitude on the south and the 54 degrees, 40 minutes line of latitude
Charles River Bridge Case: Supreme court decision that struck down the antiquated concept of state charters being allowed to est. monopolies in the building of a country's infrastructure
civil rights act of 1964: Credit for this law was given to pres. johnson
Great Migration of 1843: organized by Peter Burnett. Americans migrated to Oregon and California. extremely difficult trip, but "immense wealth" existed across the rockies
cultural awakening in lit & arts for african americans/ JAZZ: Ellington/ Bill 'Bojangles' Robinson/ supported by white patrons: Harlem Renaissance
Roger Brooke Taney: first Roman Catholic to become the Chief Justice(5)/ US Attorney General(12)
Preston Brooks: South Carolina Representative who caned Charles Sumner
S. Shiloh: Albert Johnston
MalcomX: Joined the Nation of Islam after studying the teachings of Elijah Muhammad in prison
ingratitude: manumission could be revoked for...
blacks integrated into industry positions (including black women)/ NAACP grew/ leaders in conflict over value of integration vs self-segregation...when?: WW2
Battle of Harpers Ferry: Robert Lee's army invaded Maryland under Thomas "Stonewall" Jackson, captured 12419 soldiers
"The Washingtonians": gave great vorce and visibility to a crusade against alcohol, marked an effort by drinkers to reform themselves, people in alllll classes
MLK: Formed the Southern Christian Leadership Conference
invented the musket: Charles Minie
MalcomX: advocated "black power"
Party formed in 1854 to unite disgruntled voters. Appealed to Whigs, Free-Soilers, Know-Nothings, and N. Democrats "no man can own another man": Republican party
advocated a "subtreasury system", abolition of nt'l banks, graduated income tax, reduction of tariffs, direct election of senators, etc in response to agricultural decline: Populist Movement
Union General...Anaconda Plan: General Winfield Scott
Elizabeth Cady Stanton: wrote Declaration of Sentiments and presented it at Seneca Falls; worked with Mott
the Grimke sisters: Angelina and Sarah. Daughters of a South Carolina slave owner, they toured throughout the Northeast to campaign for the abolition of slavery
Caused by borrowing too much money and crop failures: Great Depression I
Panic of 1837: Economic downturn during presidency of Martin Van Buren. During this period, the country experienced high unemployment, bank runs, and bread riots, blamed on Andrew Jackson
Harriet Beecher Stowe: Africans have feelings too/ reinforced regional stereotypes: Uncle Tom's Cabin
encouraged poor whites to disfranchise southern blacks: populists
James Seddon and Judah Benjamin: Davis' Secretaries of War & State
Fought defensively in the war, new an invasion would only help the enemy: South
Henry Clay: American statesman and orator who represented Kentucky in both the House of Representatives and Senate. "The Great Compromiser". leader of Whig party
true: in the US, both the slave and the black man were feared
25% of the union army were: volunteer immigrants
Democratic: oldest political party in the us
Urged americans to not imitate Europeans. to develop their own culture. Argued for self-reliance, independent thinking, and the primacy of spiritual matters over material ones: Ralph Waldo Emerson
Samuel F.B. Morse: Developed the telegraph in 1840 and the code system that allowed for its use in sending messages across the country
Crisis of 1850: California in anarchy as a result of Mexican war...needed gov't. question of slavery in CA posed
Confederacy General: Robert Lee
Brown Vs. Board: Chief Justice Earl Warren ruled on this landmark case
Erie Canal System: runs from the Hudson River to Lake Erie, connecting the Great Lakes with the Atlantic Ocean. opened on October 26, 1825
Bleeding Kansas: abolitionists and pro-slavery elements fought in Kansas to influence how Kansas would be admitted into the Union
Great Potato Famine: Blight struck Irish potato fields, 1 mil died, 1.8 mil migrated to America
Free-Soil Party: "fight on fight forever" "free soil, free speech, free labor, and free men" supported Van Buren (Whig)
American Anti-Slavery Society: abolitionist society founded by Garrison and Tappan. F. Douglass often spoke at meetings. promoted a greater good for the slave
Charles Sumner: leader of antisalvery forces in Massachu. and the radical republicans; caned by Preston Brooks
inflation/riots/loss of civilian support/forced to centralize power(ironic): Problems of Confederate Gov't
woman that fought with the union army and founded the American Red Cross: Clara Barton
Plessy Vs. Ferguson: Supreme court case that legitimized segregation
Daniel Webster: leading American statesman during the nation's antebellum era. He first rose to regional prominence through his defense of New England shipping interests. Influential Whig leader
encouraged black education/designed formal contracts between laborer and ladnlord/defined american citizenship/prevented future erosion of black rights: Freedmen's Bureau
case based on the desegregation of military units/ signaled the emerging primacy of equality as a guide to constitutional decisions/ claimed violation of 14th ammendment: Brown Vs. Board
Victory Lincoln waited for to issue his Proclamation: Battle of Antietam
popular soveriegnty: the state is subject to the will of its people
Fugitive Slave Act of 1793: Required the return of runaway slaves
Jackie Robinson: Broke the racial barrier by signing with the Brooklyn Dodgers in 1947
"That the Negro race became a race of slaves was not the fault of God Almighty...it was the fault of the race."/ created Universal Negro Improvement Assoc. & focused on black nt'lism: Marcus Garvey
Birmingham Riots: 1963 Riot that led to the imprisonment of Martin L. King Jr.
Ralph Waldo Emerson: Unitarian writer who turned to what would come to be called "Transcendentalism". "The American Scholar", his most famous speech, advocated that America find its "own voice"
Unitarianism-->Calvinism-->Presbyterian: 2nd great awakening
Joseph Smith: founded Latter Day Saint movement (mormonism) and created Nauvoo in Illinois
Horace Mann: Massachusetts lawyer and politician who worked diligently to convince Americans that educated children would be good for the country
Julius Rosenwald: Philanthropist that donated millions to build schools for blacks in the South
Missouri entered union as slave state. No other slavery allowed in Louisianna Purchase above 36'30''. Maine= freestate: Missouri Compromise
Transcendentalism: Based on Emerson's idea of "transcending" ordinary experiences and moving toward mystical fulfillment/romantic and idealistic themes in art & lit.
Jefferson Davis: President of the Confederate States of America
General Zachary Taylor: American military leader and the twelfth President of the United States.achieved fame while leading U.S. troops to victory at several critical battles of the Mexican-American War. A Southern slaveholder who opposed the spread of slavery to the territories, he was uninterested in politics but was recruited by the Whig Party as their nominee in the 1848 presidential election
Julius Rosenwald: President of the Sears-Roebuck Corp.
Granted amnesty to former confeds. who took oath to const., property returned to them (except slaves), no amnesty to rich/powerful confed.<----failed, became extremely leniant, rejected by congress: The Johnson Plan 1865
Horace Greeley: Newspaper editor who, in the 1840s, gained fame by encouraging young people to "go...West"
Selma, Alabama: Protest begun to elicit a violent response from local authorities
DEMANDED blacks be given the vote, civic equality, and the chance for equal education, "talented tenth" given chance to improve themselves/ formed NAACP: WEB Dubois

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Number of cards 138