Emerging Viruses
Terms
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- What are the two definitions of "emerging viruses"?
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1. Newly recognized or new infections of humans
2. Viruses whose prevalance has been increasing over the past few years. - What are two reasons why viruses are emerging?
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1. Anthropological changes
2. Anthropogenic changes - What type of genome does Hantavirus have?
- Enveloped RNA virus
- What is the primary host of hantavirus?
- Rodents
- What type of transmission is shown in Hantavirus?
- Horizontal transmission
- How do most people aquire Hantavirus?
- Inhaling dried up rat feces when cleaning up after them
- What age group does Hantavirus like to infect?
- Young people
- What is fatality rate of Hantavirus?
- 45%
- What region of the globe is Hantavirus mainly seen in?
- North America - US mainly
- What is another name for Hantavirus when it was originally discovered?
- Sin Nombre Virus (SNV)
- What type of clinical manifestations are seen with Hantavirus?
- Respiratory infections
- What weather phenomenon was involved with the epidemic of what virus?
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1. El nino
2. Hantavirus - What is characteristic of Filovirus?
- Hemorrhagic fevers
- What is the fatality rate in filoviruses?
- 90% to 100%
- What are the two major Filovirus pathogens?
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1. Ebola virus
2. Marburg virus - What is the host for Marburg virus?
- Monkey
- Why do you see Ebola virus epidemics burn out relatively fast?
- The virus is so virulent that it burns the host population out before extensive spreading.
- How long does the prepatent peroid for Ebola last?
- 5-7 days
- What are the initial symptoms of Ebola
- Flu-like symptoms
- What is a bad initial sign of Ebola virus infection?
- Maculopapula rashes on trunk and shoulders
- What is the main problem in people infected with Ebola?
- Coagulopathy
- How long until death occurs with Ebola virus?
- 14 days after inception of illness
- What do the internal organs look like in a fatal case of Ebola?
- Complete liquifaction of the internal organs
- What is the presumed animal host for Ebola?
- Wild dogs
- What is the animal host of Marburg virus?
- Bats
- How is Ebola contracted?
- Close contact with body fluids on infected individuals.
- Where did the SARS outbreak of 2002-2003 originate?
- Guangdong China
- What is the animal host for SARS
- Civet cat
- What type of virus is SARS?
- Coronavirus
- What is the fatality rate of SARS in humans?
- 30%
- SARS tends to be tougher on what age group?
- 40+
- How long did it take SARS to jump half-way around the world?
- 3 weeks
- What is a super-spreader?
- An infected individual that spreads the virus more readily than others.
- What is the best way to control SARS?
- Isolation and quarantine
- What disease was held in check using thermal scanners in the airport?
- SARS
- What type of virus is Chikingunya virus?
- Alphavirus (arbovirus)
- How is Chikingunya spread?
- Ae. aegypti
- What is the major reservior for Chikingunya virus?
- Monkeys
- What is the pathogenesis of Chikingunya virus?
- Non-lethal virus that causes sever muscle pain.
- What strain are we really worried about when it comes to a pandemic flu?
- H5N1
- What has been the mortality rate of H5N1 so far?
- 50%
- How is H5N1 mainly spread?
- Domestic ducks
- What is the incubation period for H5N1?
- 1 week
- What is the treatment for H5N1?
- Tamiflu
- What would be control measures if an outbreak of H5N1 started?
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1. Quarantine
2. Ring eradication