World History Chap.10
Terms
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- Oases
- Watering hole in the desert
- Bedouins
- Nomadic Arab Herders
- Mecca
- City in Arabia where religious pilgrims came
- Ka'aba
- Simple house of worship that housed 360 idols
- Allah
- one god belief in Arabic
- Hanifs
- People that believed in only one god.
- Muhammad
- Man who was contacted by Angel Gabriel to proclaim that there was only one god called Allah. Founder of Muslim.
- Khadijah
- Wealthy business women who Muhammad married.
- Gabriel
- Angel who contacted Muhammad.
- Islam
- Religion of Muhammad.
- Muslim
- Person who practices Islam.
- Hijrah
- Muhammads pilgramge from Mecca to Yathrib. This trip is considered start of Islam religion.
- Medina
- New name for city of Yathrib meaning city of the prophet.
- Qur'an
- Holy book of the Muslims
- The Five Pillars
- Faith, Prayer, Alms, Fasting, and Pilgrimage.
- Mosque
- Islamic house of worship.
- Alms
- Money for the poor.
- Ramadan
- Islamic holy month.
- Hajj
- Pilgrimage to Mecca
- Ulama
- Scholars who are concerned with learning and law.
- Sunna
- Muhammads example of the best way of living.
- Shariah
- Body of law that regulates family life, moral conduct, and business and community of Muslims.
- Torah
- Book of Jewish religion.
- Muezzin
- Call to prayer.
- Minaret
- Tower where muezzin calls may be place. Like a bell tower.
- caliph
-
title that means successor.
Title of head of Islam. - Jihad
- holy war
- Jizya
- a poll tax
- People of the Book
- Jews/Christionan who had either Torah/Bible to guide religion.
- Umayyads
- Family that took over Caliph and setup a hereditary system of succession.
- Shi'a
- means party of Ali. Meaning that caliph had to be relative of the prophet muhammud.
- Sunni
- Followers of Muhammad's example.
- Sufi
- Group of muslims that pursued life of poverty and devotion to a spiritual path. Kept focus on the Qur'an and tradition.
- Abbasids
- Rebel group that over threw Umayyads. Built stron bureaucracy. Moved capital to Baghdad.
- al-Andulus
- Muslim state in southern Spain formed by the Berbers.
- Fatimid
- Dynasty named after Muhammads daughter Fatima. Dynasty was in North Africa to western Arabia and Syria.
- Baghdad
- Last Capital of Islam. Located on Tigris River. Circular shaped city
- Cairo
- Capital of Fatimid dynasty.
- Purdah
- Mean and women should be kept apart from eachother.
- Harem
- Women's section of a wealthy man's house. Adult boys not allowed in harem. Only adult male allowed was husband.
- House of Wisdom
- A comination library, academy, and translation center.
- Al-Kwarazini
- Founder of algebra
- Algebra
- Art of bringing together unkowns to match a known quantity.
- Optics
- Book written by ALhazen that showed how people see objects.
- calligraphy
- Art of beautiful handwriting.
- Astronomy
- Study of the sky
- Astrolabe
- Early instrument used to measure the angles of the sun and stars above the horizon.