World History Chapter 7
Terms
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- Horace
- poet: human emotions
- Nicea
- Church Council: Doctrine of Trinity
- Second Temple
- Wailing Wall remains: destroyed by romans
- Romance Languages
- italian: french: spanish: portugese:romanian: latin
- Circus Maximus
- Racetrack seatins 250,000
- Pax Romana
- Roman Peace
- PraetorianGuard
- Established to guard the emperor: organized by Augustus
- Teutoburg Forest
- 3 Roman legions wiped out: romans forced to accept boundary of Rhine
- Second Triumvirate
-
lepidus: Octavian: Antony
43BC - Actium
- naval battle: octavian defeats antony
- First Triumvirate
-
Caesar: Pompey: crassus
60BC - Social War
- "ally" : italy vs rome on citizenship
- Zama
- battle near carthage: scipio defeats Hannibal
- Punic Wars
- 3 wars between carthage and rome
- carthage
- better navy: more wealth: feared rome would try to take over sicily
- Twelve Tables
- laws engraved on tablets
- Etruscans
- kings ruled late 600sBC: alphabet from Greek characters
- Latins
- occupied western plains
- Virgil
- poet: wrote Aeneid
- Senate
- 300 members: public funds, foreign policy, court: dictator could be elected 6 months in emergency
- Prolemy
- earth at center of universe
- Galen
- physician: wrote down all medical knowledge
- Marcus Aurelius
- educated: stoic philosophy: defended empire from invaders
- Hadrian
- supported arts: romanized and organized provinces: built fortifications: gave up conquered Asian areas
- Trajan
- spanish general: added new areas making empire biggest ever
- Nero
- fire: cruel and unpredictable: suicide 68AD
- Claudius
- followed calligula: conquered Britain: poisened
- Attila
- leader of huns
- Diocletian
- reorganized empire: ruled east: every aspect of life controlled: peasants permanently tied to land: defense and security most important
- Romulus Augustulus
- last roman empereor in the west overthrown by Barbarians
- Ovid
- poet: love letters, lyrics, metamorphoses
- Constantine
- constantinople: converted to christianity on deathbed
- Tacitus
- historian: wrote Annals and Germania
- Magistrates
- consuls, praetors
- Theodosius
- banned pagan worship
- Valens
- eastern emperor
- Alaric
- king of Visigoths
- Marc antony
- general and ally of caesar: w/cleopatra: committed suicide
- Octavian
- caesars nephew
- praetors
- military commanders: oversaw legal system
- Lepidus
- caesars second in command
- pompey
- sold condul in 52BC: orders caesar home out of jealousy: defeats him in greece
- Tribune
- elected by romes popular assemblies
- sulla
- consul: marched legions on rome executing hundreds: civil war: ruled as dictator: enlarged senate
- Caesar
- marius nephew: left rome: returns after sulla died: became consul: spend 10yrs in gaul: marched army toward rome: return to rome: made dictator for life
- Gaius
- tribune: used public funds for poor: improved political status of equites: killed in riot
- Marius
- elected consul: signed all men up for army: pay and goods from enemy: expected to be given land
- Princeps
- first citizen
- Augustus
- co emperor
- Cleopatra
- daughter of ptolemy family: roman ally: liason w/marc antony
- Crassus
- general died in battle
- Brutus
- senator conspired against caesar
- Cassius
- senator: conspired against caesar
- Publicans
- censors contracted w/officals: aggreed to collect taxes
- Plutarch
- greek: wrote parallel lives
- Spartacus
- slave: led revolt: 70,000 followers
- Tiberius
- tribune: limited land for senators: let landless citizens work: killed by senators
- auxilia
- units of noncitizens
- scipio
- defeated hannibal ensuring supremecy of greco-roman civilization
- Vesta
- guardian of fire and hearth
- Patriarch
- bishops of the 5 administrative centers of church
- Collegia
- workers trade association
- equites
- landowning business class with political power
- colonus
- roman tenent farmer
- latifundia
- large estates
- indemnity
- compensation for damages
- huns
- asiatic tribe north region of black sea: raided and plundered: scared europe
- vandals
- barbarian tribe: caused huge destruction
- Visigoths
- germanic tribe: land north of river
- Adrianople
- visigoths destroy roman army killing valens
- legion
- most important part of army 4500-6000 men
- Chalons Sur Marne
- visigoths defeat huns
- censors
- oversaw moral conduct: register citizens: appoint senate
- plebians
- normal people
- patricians
- powerful aristocratic class
- consul
- ran government: military commanders
- Hannibal
- huge army: elephants: crossed clps: won several battles: ravaged italian countryside