Chapters 1 & 2
Terms
undefined, object
copy deck
- simplified drawing of an object
- pictograph
- a __________ puts together simplified drawings of objects to represent abstract concepts
- ideograph
- a __________ uses the sounds of the symbols to make up compound words
- phonograph
-
a _________ is when 2 or more pictographs are put together and the first sounds of things are sounded out to represent the word -
"egg + cell + ant = excellent";
precursor of phonetics. - rebus
- how was writing first used in historical times?
-
- show ownership
- contents of containers
- legal documents/business transactions - Earliest writing system in Sumeria
- Cuneiform
- circular stone tablet found in Crete, associated with the Minoan Culture. The inscriptions have not yet been deciphered.
- Phaistos disc
- this guy deciphered hieroglyphics in *[1822]
- Jean-François Champollion
- substrate made from a weed, very brittle and could only be written on one side
- papyrus
- substrate made from animal skins, was able to be folded and written on both sides
- parchment
- Appearance of a writing system & alphabet is mainly based on the ________ and _________
-
substrate
writing implement used - why did different cultures write on different substrates?
- it depended on what natural resources were readily available
- in hieroglyphics, the names of Pharaohs were put in _________ to symbolize eternal life
- cartouches
- what is possible with a written alphabet that was not possible with an oral tradition?
- the ability to communicate with someone who was not living in the present day
- why was the Phoenician alphabet widely adopted in the ancient world?
-
- The Phoenicians were extensive traders on the Mediterranean Sea
- There were only 22 characters to learn
- The alphabet was phonetically based, making it easy to learn to read and write. - ______ is another name for a book
- codex
- papermaking originated in ______
- China
- _________ was made from the dry, bleached skin of animals
- parchment
- _________ was the Roman lettering style that was condensed to save space.
- Rustica
- __________ was the language that early bibles were copied in
- Latin
- ______________ were used in manuscripts to introduce the text and to also show a simplified drawing of the bible story and as a way for the scribe to show his/her religious devotion.
- Illuminated Caps
- During the Middle Ages, the isolation of feudal societies and the danger of travel led to the development of ________
- regional lettering styles
- Under Charlamagne's rule, what important typographic accomplishment took place and why was it important?
- Carolingian Hand was established as the standard copying text, in hopes of further uniting Charlamagne's Empire.
- what lettering hand was marked by great variations in letterforms?
- Romanesque
- when and where was rag paper introduced in Europe?
- 1100. Italy.
- what resettled in cities after the Dark Ages?
- Universities and Guilds
- uses the first sound of the object represented to sound out the word
- phonogram
- important before the creation of writing; allows pre-literate society to store information
- mnemonics
- the guy who developed the Carolingian lettering hand
- Alcuin of York
- where we see most of the Roman inscriptions today
- Triumphal arches
- a campaign funded by the Pope, whose intention was to save the Holy Lands from the infidels
- the Crusades
- lettering that started in Ireland
- Celtic uncials
- Tall, condensed angular letters, originated in Germany
- Gothic
- Round, open style of lettering. Originated in France.
- Rotunda or Carolingian
- this lettering innovation started in the interest in saving paper. originated in Ireland
- Semi-uncials
- means "as the ox plows"
- boustrophedon
- group associated with early books, compared versions of the Bible text
- Early Christians
- lettering written on guidelines that were one inch apart
- Uncials
- version of hieroglyphics; evolved letters that mean "priestly writing"
- Heriatic script
- version of hieroglyphics; evolved letters that mean "of the people"
- Demotic Script
- roughly the year that Charlamagne was in power
- 800 AD
- a culture who added characters to an early version of out alphabet to represent vowels
- Ancient Greeks
- A lettering style that resembled a woven piece of fabric on the page when it was written together
- Gothic Textura
- the place where ancient manuscripts were preserved by copying
- Scriptoriums in Monasteries
- the monk who Charlamagne made responsible for creating a legible Carolingian hand for the other monks to learn and use in copying books
- Alcuin of York
- what hand was Littera Antigua based on?
- Carolingian
- Why was Littera Antigua called what it was?
- renaissance scholars wrongly believed that the ancient texts copied under Charlamagne were the original ancient text, hence the name "antigua"