Important Places- Ancient History
Terms
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- Memphis
- the ancient capital of Egypt, located at the border between Upper and Lower Egypt
- Thebes
- located in Upper Egypt, it became the capital of Egypt in 2050 B.C. (after Memphis)
- Anyang
- a city in China; temple in center, surrounded by government buildings, then homes and workshops
- The Fertile Crescent
- aka Mesopotamia; between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers; home of some of the first civilizations (Sumer and Ur)
- Mohenjo-Daro
- located in the Indus River Valley in Southern Asia; part of the Harrapan civilization near the Arabioan Sea
- Harrapa
- one of Indus Valley's major cities; located in present-day Pakistan
- Damascus
- capital of Syria; settled by the Aramaeans
- Sumer
- located in lower Fertile Crescent; formed 12 independently formed city-states
- Babylon
- located in Mesopotamia; major ruler was Hammurabi; three-fold division of social classes; used cuneiform
- Canaan
- the promised land of the Israelites; Israelites eventually left because of famine
- Phoenicia
- located in the Fertile Crescent; people who sailed the sea, traded with neighboring peoples, built ships, and made an alphabet
- Jerusalem
- ancient capital of Israel; Solomon built the temple there
- Nineveh
- the capital of Assyria
- Judah
- the two tribes in Southern Israel
- Tyre
- one of the three main Phoenician colonies built on the coast
- Athens
- located northeast of Poloponnesus on the Attica peninnsula; named after Athena; a commanding Greek city-state, home to some of the greatest philosophers and architects
- Persia
- located in present-day Iran between the Persian Gu lf and the Caspian Sea; Persians seized Babylon then conquered the rest of the Chaldean Empire
- Sparta
- located on Peloponnesus; descendents of the Dorians; one of the dominant city-states in Greece because of their superior military and athletics
- Mycenae
- a Greek city on the mainland of Greece; the Mycenaeans succeeded the Minoans in invading Crete; they intermarried with the Hellenes and were conquered by the Dorians
- Marathon
- a place 25 miles north of Athens where Persi and Sparta had a major war in the Persian War
- Salamis
- an island that is separated from Athens only by a small straight that Themistocles thought the Persian ships would get stuck in
- Olympia
- the Greek city in which the Olympic games were held for Zeus
- Indus Valley
- a third major civilization rising in southeast Asia; this civilization was bounded by mountains, had seasonal winds, and had centrally planned cities, such as Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa
- Tigris and Euphrates
- two rivers that made the boundaries for the Fertile Crescent in modern day Iraq; home to some of the earliest civilizations such as Mesopotmia
- Ionia
- Greek city state that ended the "Greek Dark Age"; one of the only Greek city-states to be captured by Persia
- Crete
- a Greek island southeast of the mainlan; some of the myths referred to an early civilization there; home of the Minoans
- Attica
- a penninsula northeast of Peloponnesus; home to Athens