World History Semester Review
Terms
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- hammurabi
- leader of babylon, created a new Mesopotamian Kingdom by gaining control of Sumer and Akkad. Mad the Code of Hammurabi ==> System of strict justice
- feudal contract
- under feudalism, the unwritten rules that determined the relationship between a lord and his vassal
- tribunes
- "tribunes of the plebs," given the power to protect the plebians
- neolithic revolution
- the shift from hunting and gathering to the keeping of animals and the growing of food on a regular basis that occured around 8000 B.C.
- inquisition
- (holly office) job of this court was to find and try heretics, developed a regular procedure to deal with them, punishment included flogging
- diocletian
- roman emperor that had the last great persecution of christians in 3rd century
- law of nations
- natural law or universal law based on reason
- william of normandy
- landed on coast of England and defeated king harold at the battle of hastings. took a census known as domesday book, became king of england
- 10 commandments
- no other gods, not onto any graven image, no using lord's name in vain, holy sabbath day, honor father and mother, do not kill, don not adultery, no stealing, do not bear false witness against neighbors, do not covet. Written by moses
- ten lost tribes
- the 10 tribes in the kingdom of Isreal were overrun by Assyrians. They were sent to other parts of the Assyrian Empire
- bill of rights
- 1st 10 amendments, guaranteed freedom of religion, speech, press, petition, assembly, bear arms, trial by jury, due process of law, and protection of property rights
- carolingian renaissance
- charlemagne's efforts let to the revial of learning and culture, rebirth
- polis
- the early Greek city-state, consisting of a city or town and its surrounding territory
- phoenician alphabet
- spoke a semitic language and simplified writing by using 22 different signs to represent sounds of speech. This was the base of english.
- polytheism
- having many gods
- apostle paul
- highly educated jewish roman citizen, founded christian communities throughout asia minor and aegean sea coast
- justinian
- emperor of rome, codified roman law through the body of civil law ==> basis of imperial law in the Easter roman empire
- punic wars
- between carthage and rome, 3 of them, carthage was completely destroyed by the end
- alexander the great
- only 20 when he became King of Macedonia, is known for the transfer of Greek ideas to other areas. Conquered land all the way to India. Hellenistic Era
- pericles
- dominant figure in athenian politics, saw the height of athenian pwer. made up a direct democracy, democratic system
- constantine
- first christian empire edict of milan ==> tolerance of Christianity. Constantine moved the capital to Byzantium Constantinople
- persian emperors
- cyrus, cambyses, darius, atraxerxes II, xerxes II
- catholic icons
- include relics, saints, the cross, and mary
- sunni
- didnt agree with Umayyad rule but accepted it
- fertile crecent
- arc of land from the Mediterranean to the perisan gulf. this land had rich soil and abundant crops, able to sustain early civilization
- zoroaster
- visions and teaching written in zend avesta. Ahuramazda fighting ahriman, humans choose, soon there will be no evil
- anthropology
- the study of human life and culture based on artifacts and human fossils
- civilization
- characteristis includes cities, governement, religion, social structure, writing, and art
- pillars of faith
- belief, prayer, charity, fasting, pilgrimage
- roman senate
- 300 patricians, first it was only to advise governemtn officials, then it had the force of law
- epic poem
- Illiad and Odyssey written by Homer
- hittites
- created empire in asia minor, first indo-european peoples to make use of iron, killed by "sea peoples"
- pax romana
- a time of peace and properity that lasted 100 yars. Tiberius, Caligula, Claudius, and Nero.
- dardanelles
- hellespont, a narrow strait between Thrace and Asia Minor
- eratosthenes
- hellenistic astronomer, determined earth was round and calculated earths circumference
- matrilineal
- tracing lineage through mother rather than father
- patrilineal
- tracing lineage through the father
- monotheism
- having one god
- oligarchy
- "the rule of the few," a form of government in which a small group of people exercises controls
- shiite
- accept only descendents of Ali as true rulers of Islam
- assyrians
- semiti speaking people who exploited the use of iron weapons in 700 BC
- prehistory
- the period before writing was developed
- paleolithic age
- from the greek word for "Old Stone," the early period of human history, from approximately 2,500,000 to 10,000 BC, during which humans used simple stone tools; sometimes called the Old Stone Age
- mecca
- the kabbah, a house of worship whose cornerstone was the black stone
- ramadan
- month of fasting from dawn to dusk
- joan of arc
- had vision that commanded her to free France, she lead the french to victory at orleans then hung because of "witchcraft"
- city state
- a city with political and economic control ober the surrounding country side, center of Greek life
- roman government
- cheif executive officers were consuls (army) and preators (civil law), centuriate assembly, council of plebs, tribunes of plebs.