2 Chap. 10 Test World History I
Terms
undefined, object
copy deck
- Most people in Byz. were
- greek
- Const. near centers of
- early Christianity & trade
- Const. on what strait
- Bosporus
- Bosporus connects
- Sea of marmara & black sea
- protechtion of Const.
- water on 3 sides, triple walls, chain accross harbor
- why Byz. called "New Rome"
-
- thought as heir to rome's power & traditions
- Emperors & wealthy families roman & spoke latin - Greek influence in Byz.
-
most part of greece
people spoke greek & stressed Greek heritage
later - emperors & officials spoke Greek
religious sholars use greek - hight of Byz emperor during rule of
- Justinian
- Justinian was from
- Macedonia
- How justinian came to Const
- when young man came to help uncle Justin I
- Justinian's personality
- hard working & enthus. for knowledge
- Jusitnian's wife
- Theodora
- Theodora was (description)
- beautiful, intelegent, ambitious
- objections to theodora
- was an actriss - profession in low esteem
- Theodora active in gov
- rewarded friends w/ positions & used dismissal to punish enimies
- Theodra & women's rights
-
persuaded Justinian to make decree - wife had right to own land equal to what brought to marriage
gave widow income to support children - how theodora saved throne
- Nica rebellion - advisors wanted J to flee - T persuaded to stay - crushed rebellion - ruled w/out challenge
- Justinian & persians
- threatened to conquer E provinces - threw back - J pay tribute for peace
- Justinian military legacy
- reconquered roman lands
- Justinian's general
- Belisarius
- cost of justinian's reconquests
-
exauseted resources -> couldn't defend against Persians
didn't last - Justinian's code - commision was
- 10 scholars w/ legal expert (Tribonian)
- justinian code was basis for
- most european legal systems
- Hagia Sophia means
- "holy wisdom"
- Hagia Sophia is in
- Const.
- connection - church & state - const
-
emperor - God's rep on Earth
emperor & emprees crownd by patriarch
" took oath to defend Christianity
emperors:
- appointed church officials
- defined style of worship
- used wealth of church for gov. - justinian & church
-
strengthened control of church
interviended in church disputes
tried to unify empir under 1 belief
lead to persecutin of of jews and other christians - church officials are
- clergy
- church members not clergy
- laity
- religious images
- icons
- John of Damascus
- Byz. theologan - wrote article defending icons
- Iconoclast means
- image breaker
- objections to icons
- prohibited in 10 commandments
- defence of icons
- aided worship - helped focus thoughts
- who ordered all icons removed form churches
- Leo III
- church leaders resisted/supported icons
- resisted
- icon supported by
- the pope
- empress that allowed icons
- Irene
- final decision on icons
- had to be 2D
- biggest issue that lead to scism
- pope & patriarch both claimed supreme authority
- how lombard invasion affected church
- Byz. emperor didn't protect pope - turned to Fraks - made Frankish leader (Charlemange) emperor
- Frankish leader
- Charlemange
- Marriage in Byz
-
divorce difficult
Church genneraly forbade remarriage - women in Byz
- partly secluded but some were well edu. & influential
- Byz economy based on
- agricultre
- major Byz industry
- silk weaving
- how Byz got silkworms
- monks stole them ad hid them in hollow bamboo
- subjects of most Byz art
- religious
- 3 Byz art forms
-
icons
mosaic
illuminated manuscript - illuminated manuscript is
- decorated books w/ fancy lettering & pictures in the margins
- gov. supported Byz U
- U of Const.
- U of Const.
- trained scholars & lawyers for gov.
- lower edu.
- some tutors - especially daughters b/c couldn't go to academies
- Byz. lit
- religious & copy writingd of greeks & romans -> helped spread knowledge
- monesteries started in
- Byz.
- monasteries did
-
helped poor
ran hospitals
sent missionaries - most sucesful missionaries
- bros Cyril & Methodius
- Cyrillic
- Cyril & Methodius made alphabet to convert slavic people
- affect of Byz reduced to only greek lands
- unified empire - 1 language & religion
- Byz & Venice
- after Justininan died - agreed to help Byz regain lands in return fro trading privliges - failed - Byz. lost control of trade - weakened economy
- battle where Byz defeated by Seljuk Turks
- Manzikert
- after battel of Manzikert
- Byz. emperor asked pope to help defend christianity - expiditions more interensted in taking over Palestine
- after 4th crusade
- Latin Empire in Const. -> disrupted trade
- big plane in Russia
- steppe
- Russian soil
- rich, black
- russian climate & effect
-
harsh -> farming hard, crop failiers common
little rain, to far inland for ocean breezes
buried in snow in winter - E slav early villages
- of related families; clans
- E slavs - clear land
-
burned forests - scattered ash on soil -> fertile
Steppe - "sea of flame" - slavic houses
- knothced logs - no nails, many w/ decorated wood gables & window frames
- R influenced slavs
- used for transport & trade -> trading towns along banks - route from Balitc(N) - Black(S) seas
- Vikings were
- warriers & traders from scandinavia
- Primary Chronicle
- collection of E slavic history & tales
- Slavs & vikings
- people of novgorod asked viking for protection
- viking leader
- Rurik
- who conquered Kiev
- Prince Oleg - Rurick's succesor
- why Kiev prospered
- trade on Dnieper
- how Kiev gained power
- Oleg conqueren other towns on Dnieper
- Region of slavic territories called
- Kievan Rus
- rulars of Kiev
- Grand Princes
- treaty - Kiev & Const.
- Kiev wsa raiding Const. - ended w/ treaty - established trade
- trritories ruled by princes
- principalities
- Kievan taxes
- other princes paid taxes to Grand prince in Kiev - support court & army
- duties of princes
-
administer justice
defend frontier - assisted princes
- council of boyars
- wealthy landowners in Russia
- boyars
- russian assemblies
-
rep all free male citizens
handled daily affairs
power to accept or remove princes - power in NE
- prince
- SE power
- boyars
- Novgorod & few N power
-
Assemblies
close to rep gov
later princes limited power - Early Russian religion
-
nature spirits & ancestors
polytheistc
images of deities on high ground outside villages - 1st russin noble to convert to christianity
- Olga
- Vladimir was Olga's...
- grandson
- rular that converted russinas to christianity
- Vladimir I
- mass baptism
- Vladimir I - in Dnieper
- effects of conversion to christinity
-
brought Byz culture to Kievan Rus
Art - icons/mosaics/illuminated manuscripts
Cyrillic
domes
monasteries
church split - separated from W - Vladimir military
-
skilled warrior
defended E frontier
expanded W borders - Yaroslav is Vladimir's...
- son
- who established 1st library in Kiev
- Yaroslav
- Yaroslav's legal system
-
drew from Justinian's code
mainly for merchants & princes
crimes againts property same as against people - Yaroslav diplomacy
- arranged for daughters & sisters to marry kings
- Decline of Kiev started after
- yaroslav's death - divided lands among sons
- Decline of Kiev
-
latin christians in Const. -> weakened economy
Mongold capture Kiev & destroyed - Mongols called ______ by slavs
- Tatars
- Mongol rule
-
taxed
didn't impose culture
requiered service in army & loyalty - affects of Mongol rule
-
isolated form W
helped unify
less women's rights
more Autocratic - Novgorod attacked
-
by Swedes
from baltic
wanted to convert to R Cath. - Alexander Nevsky
-
prince of Novgorod
battle of Neva R
"of the Neva"
national hero & St. - Daniel
- Alexander Nevsky's son - rular of Moscow when small prosperous town
- laeder of R Ortho
- Metropolitan
- Metropolitan moved to
- moscow
- Ivan I's nickname
- "money bags"
- whey Mongols never went to Novgorod
- spring thaw -> mud
- Ivan I
-
cooperated w/ mongols
put down rebellion
tax collector
defeated mongols - battle of Kulikovo
- Ivan I defeated Mongols
- Ivan the great
- Ivan I
- Ivan III
-
refused to pay tribute
brought many principlaities under rule
Novgorod controled all territories E of Ural Mts. - 3rd Rome
- Moscow
- Tsar
-
Ivan III marries Sophia - daughter of last Byz. emperor - took tilte Tsar "Ceasar"
& adopted 2 headed eagle - R Ortho chrch said Ivan III
- sucessor to byz emperor - all other Tsars said too
- Moscow's cultre influenced by
- R Ortho
- Kremlin
-
Fortress in Kiev (?)
onion domes
still center of culture & gov. - Cost. Harbor
- GOlden Horn
- Const. built in image of
- Rome
- chariot races in Const.
- Hippodrome
-
ooficial court historian
justinian's court - Preocopiuos
- secret history
-
procopious
after justinian's death - Justinian tech
-
rising throne
mechanical roaring lions
clockwork birds - Justinian built
- baths & aquaducts
- Belisarius supported by
- theodora
- belisaris' background
- peasant
- Plague
-
procopius wittnessed
justinian got - servived - theodora ran empire - Difs in chrches
-
R Cath
Latin
pope
pope over Emperor
bishops can't marry
no divoce
E Ortho
Greek
patriarch
emperor over pope
bishops can marry - famous mosaics
- San Vitale in Ravena - Justinian & thoedora
- arches filles w/ masonry
- pendantives
- after a church hagia sophia was
-
a mosque
museum & chuch - Mother & child icon
- Thotokos
- 3 hinged alter piece
- Triptych
- Byz. social
-
hierarchy
patriarchy - Corpus Juris Civilis
- justinians code
- Military inovations of Byz
-
Greek fire
textsbooks & academies
new protective armor
javalin
chain accrossed harbor - 4th crusade
- agreed to sck const. fro Vewnitian merchants - brutal - excamunicayted by pope Innocent III - Litn empire
- 3 main Russian rivers
-
Dnieper
Don
Volga - inspection of religions
-
Vladimir
Islam - impressed but no alcohaul or pork
Jews - thought lacked politcal power
R. Cath - germa services didn't impress
only impressed w/ Hagia Sophia - leader of Mongols
-
Ghenghiz Khan - ruthless cruelty
"world emperor" - Batu khan
- genghis' grandson
- Mongol army called
- Golden Horde
- why const. New Rome
-
moddled after
emperors & nobilty Roman
called roman
Hippodrome, baths, aquaducts
stratiegic loacle & center of trade