CSET World History
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- Sumarians
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3classes
upper:kings, nobels,priests,gov't officials
middle:merchants farmers soldiers
lower:slaves
*Developed 1st written language (cuneiform)
*Studied math and science -advanced math
created a system for subdividing a day and a year and a circle into 360 degrees
*skillful in using the wheel
*invented the arch and zuggurat - Assyrians
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*Established 1st library 22,000 in sumerian cuineform
*traders and fierce warriors
*built system of roads
*system where goveror was appointed to oversee kings territory - Babylonians
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*Hammurabi's code:282 laws based on strong should not injure the weak
*Nubuchadrezzar II - conqured and spent money to build up babylon. he created the haning gardens
*belived in astrology which led to the study of astronomy - The Hebrews
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*Believed in a single all powerful God
*Recorded the bible
*moral behavior based on 10 commandments set new standards
*Their prophets fought for justice for the poor and weak - Phoenicians
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*Invented an alphabet to keep track of business trade records
_22 letters that represented the sounds of the human voice
_made it easier to read and write
_because of their travels, its use spread
*Skilled traders and shipbuilders. One of 1st to sail at night by the stars
*developed artistic skills
*traded all over the mediterranean - Persians
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*divided their empire into provinces for easier rule
*built roads and canals
*wrote the Avesta, a religous book based on beliefs of prophet Zoroaster - Hittites
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*1st to use iron instead of softer metals such as copper and bronze
*Signed some of the 1st treaties
King HattusiliIII and Kim Ramses II of Egypt signed a treaty.
-Agreed not to make war on each other
-help each other if attacked
-respect each others borders - Egyptians
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*made paper from papyrus reed
*invented a calandar
*built pyramids
*invented the shadoof, a crane like device for lifter water from the nile
*used a loom to weave cloth for clothing
*invented hieroglyphics - Egyptian people
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King Menes-united egypt, 1st pharaoh
Queen Hatshepsut-daughter of Thumtmose I who became Queen and later married
ThutmoseII and became pharaoh after his death
AmenhotepIV/Akhenaten-believed in worshiping one god, Aten the sun god
Cleopatra-a queen of Egypt - Ancient Greece - Athens
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athens
*direct democracy. every citizen was a memeber of the assembly. The assembly passed laws
*golden age of athens/pericles - time of great writing and learning, architecture
*Socrates, plato, aristotle - Ancient Greece - Sparta
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Sparta
*Military state
*every male spartan became a soldier
*boys left home and began training at age 7
*had slaves
*little in arts and sciences
*disliked athenian way of life
*Peloponnesian war - sparta defeated athens - Accomplishments of the greeks
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*developed worlds 1st democracy
*1st to take a scientific approach to medicine by observing and carefully studying disease (hippocrates, father of medicine)
*playwrites wrote 1st dramas (euripides and sophocles)
*invented rules of geomotry and math. Wrote geomotry text Elements
*developed the art of philosophy to search for wisdom and truth (SPA)
*Outstanding literature and poetry. Homer's Iliad and Odyssey and Sapho's poems
*Wrote the 1st histories
*studied and classified plants
*beautiful buildings and sculptures - heavy use of columns, DIC