Exam Study Guide Answers
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- __________ _________ was the punishment for many crimes
- Capital punishment (execution)
- Little was known about this civilization until this century
- Hittites
- List two reasons why early civilizations developed around large rivers
-
1. Rivers frquently overflowed, making the surrounding land fertile
2. Irrigation was used to provide water for areas around rivers - What was the Fertile Crescent?
- Astrip of land that formed an arc between the mediterranean sea and the persian Gulf
- ___________ was the eastern part of the Fertile Crescent
- Mesopotamia
- Located between Tirgris and Euphrates Rovers
- Mesopotamia
- means "land between rivers"
- Mesopotamia
- Most of Mesopotamia is in
- Iraq
- Some people believe this is where the garden of Eden was located
- Mesopotamia
- Earliest major civilization
- Sumerians
- First people to build ziggurats
- Sumerians
- Large temples that were the center of worship and trade
- zigguurats
- invented cuneiform
- Sumerians
- wedge-shaped writing
- Cuneiform
- Probably the first system of writing invented
- Cuneiform
- Collection of Sumerian stories and legends
- Epic of Gilgamesh
- Supposedly a Sumerian king
- Gilgamesh
- People that invented the wheel.
- Sumerians
- The Sumerians invented the
- wheel
- The Sumerian's most famous king was
- Hammurabi
- During his rile, a system of law codes was written called
- Hammurabi, Code of Hammurabi
- This became a guideline for many later civilizations
- Code of Hammurabi
- The code followed the idea of an ___ for an ___ and a _____ for a ____
- eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth
- The code followed the idea of an ___ for an ___ and a ___ for a ___
- eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth
- Name the reasons for studying history
-
1. History helps us understand the past
2. History helps us understand the present
3. History contains many fascinating facts
4. A proper understanding of history can enabe us to avoid the mistakes of the past - What is history?
- The record of the past
- What does BC and AD mean?
- Before Christ and Anno Domini (in the year of the Lord)
- The Amorites lived in Babylon, they were called the
- Old Babylonians
- The Amorite's most famous king was
- Hammurabi
- The Assyrians were specialists in ________
- Warefare
- Assyrians made extensive use of ____ weapons including ____ ____________ ____.
- iron, iron bettering rams
- Often were extremely cruel-they tortured, beheaded, burned, skinnned, impaled, enslaved and dismembered their enemies
- Assyrians
- The Assyrian's capital city _______ had a large library of cunieoform tablets located there.
- Nineveh
- The Old Testament book of Jonah tells about the prophet Jonah preaching in this city
- Nineveh
- The ________ were known as the New Babylonians during the rule of King Nebuchadnezzar, they ______ the city of Babylon to serve as their capital city
- Chaldeans, rebuilt
- Nebuchadnezzar built a huge palace there, he built the _____________ ___________ ___ ______________ which contained __________ _______.
- Hanging Gardens of Babylon which contained tropical plants
- These gardens and the city's walls were "one of the 7 wonders of the Ancient World"
- Hanging Gardens of Babylon
- The ____ conquered the Chaldeans
- Persians
- Unlike the Assryians, they were very leniant with the people they conquered as long as these people didn't rebel
- Persians
- The ___________were the greatest traders of the ancient world, skilled sailors, and started colonies throughout the Mediterranean Sea
- Phoenicians
- The alphabet we use today is based on their
- Phoenicians
- The Hebrews believe in _______ god(s)
- one
- Our knowledge of the Hebrew history is based primarily on the
- Old Testament
- today the Jewish religion (_____) is based on their ideas (whose?)
- Judaism is based on their ideas, the hebrews
- A small groups of HEBREWS LEFT ____________ to settle in present day ___, led by _________
- Mesopotamia to settle in present day Isreal, led by Abraham
- The Hebrews were also known as the ________
- Israelites
- Hebrews were also known as
- Israelites and Jews
- Hebrews then moved to Egypt during a _____-led by
- famine,Abraham
- They later became slaves in Egypt
- THe Hebrews
- They were led out of Egypt by __ (discussed in the ___ ________)
- Moses, disvussed in the Old testament
- They returned to the area around around __________ _______ ________
- present day Israel
- The Jewish holiday _________ celebrates the Hebrews leeaving Egypt
- Passover
- The Hebrews were organized into __tribes named for the __ sons of Jacob
- 12
- Known as Israel
- Jacob
- THe Mosaic Law- (___ total laws,____don't, ___ do) was named for _____
- Moses, 613, 365 don't, 248 do)
- These were the laws which governed the Hebrws
- Mosaic Laws
- First three kings of Isreal
- saul, david and solomon
- Old testament says he killed a giant named Goliath in his younger years
- David
- Jewish place of worship
- synagogue
- jewish religious teacher
- rabbi
- What does the Jewish Bible contain?
- Only the old testament
- pharoah
- Ruler of Egypt, was a king, on a few occasions was a queen
- Appointed by the pharoah to serve as his assistant, smiliar to a present day prime minster
- Vizier
- Each early ruler usually had a _________ built for himself
- pyramid
- what did the pyramid serve as?
- a monument for the pharah and as a tomb
- A small groups of Hebrews left Mesopotamia to settle in _______ ____ ________-led by Abraham
- present day israel
- The Hebrews were also known as _______ and ____
- Israelites and Jews
- Hebrews moved to Egypt during a ____________-led by ________'s ___________ named ___________
- famine, led by abraham's grandson named JACOB
- Egyptians believed in ___ ____ _______
- life after death
- Egyptians were ___________-
- polytheistic
- The Egyptians believed pharoahs were ____
- gods
- Bodies of poor people were ____ in the desert sand and were sometimes better preserved than those ______
- buried, embalmed
- They thought that _____ person would need his ____ again in the afterlife
- dead, body
- an embalming process called _______ was used to preserve the bodies of important people
- mummification
- figure that had the head of a human, ___ or ____ and the body of a
- , ram or hawk, lion
- The huge sphinx carvd near the pyramids was called hte q
- Great sphinx
- Was buried in a small unfinished tomb probably meant for a government official
- King Tut
- Was not an important pharoah
- King Tut
- Due to location, India was virtually separated from the rest of the wrl and there forhad limited contact with
- the other civilizatnios
- monsoons
- seasonal wind that normally brought heavy rains for a few months each year
- earliest civilization in greece, developed along the island of crete
- minoan civilization
- it appears that on of their acitvites was bullleaping
- minoan civilization
- because of its location in the mediterranean sea, it became a trading center
- minoan civilization
- MOst of the buildings were destroyed-this was caused by 4 things
-
1. volcano
2. earthquake
3. tidal wave
4. invaders from the greek mainland - much is unknown about the _____________ because
- much of their writing is undecipheredq
- ruled by a king
- monarchy