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Media 1: Origins of Mass Communication

Terms

undefined, object
copy deck
Demotic
This script replaced hieratic as the script used in mundane business. It combined whole groups of hieroglyphs into a single sign and used a mixture of picture and sound signs.
Henry Muddiman
Founder and editor of Oxford Gazette in 1665.
Corantos
Currents of news, first published by the Dutch in 1618. Patterned like a German commercial newsletter, and included a smattering of local news.
Augustus
Roman emperor that put on a worldwide system of dissemination of information and propaganda. Postal system, aided book trade in Rome, and engraved coins with messages of great social, political, and economic consequences.
Martin Luther
First mass-communicated who printed pamphlets that were distributed across Germany, they were in German not Latin.
Phoenicians
They invented the alphabet.
Parchment
bleached, dried animal skin used as paper. It was long-lasting, didn't smear easily, could be used on both sides, and could be rolled up or bound.
Daily Courant
First daily newspaper founded by Elizabeth Mallet, under E. Mallet, in England on March 11, 1702.
John Locke
English philosopher that argued that individuals also have the authority to determine the nature of government. Writings condemned absolutism and favored limited government.
Henry VIII
Under his reign, the state took the Church's role of censor. He inaugurated the system of licensing of the press that lasted until 1695. Created the Star Chamber.
Crete
this civilization had earliest known example of movable-type of printing, produced between 1700 and 1600 B.C.
Star Chamber
Under the Tudor reign, this court was established that prosecuted printers who challenged the authorities.
Pi-Sheng
A Chinese metal-worker who invented a press employing movable letters made of metal, clay, and wood in 1045.
Phonetic
Stage that linked the spoken language to the written. A picture became a single sign that suggested a single sound.
Pictographic
writing stage of communication via a pictogram, a drawing of a natural object or event.
Henry VII
Authorized the publication of documents of state and carefully controlled the timing of their publication. He took extraordinary measures to published news favorable to himself.
Julius Cesar
Roman emperor that begun the Acta Diurna.
Gazeta
word taken from the Venician practice of collection a penny or so from those who wished to hear newsletters read aloud.
Stationer's Company
Under the Tudor reign, government censored printed matter, inspected print shops, and kept records on customers, wages, and the number of employees.
Hieratic
Cursive script brushed onto papyrus, lacked pictorial quality. Made for everyday use in business, letters, medical texts, and literary works.
Acta Senatus
The deliberations of the Roman Senate were kept in these official records.
3 stages of the development of writing
pictographic, ideographic, phonetic.
Queen Elizabeth
Another Tudor monarch who controlled the press through the Stationer's Company.
Acta Diurna
originated from Acta Senatus, the album, and the newsletters. It was an official daily publication covering governmental business such as decrees, proclamation s, and senate resolutions. Contained general information about going-ons, news of famous people, executions, fires, and weather.
Monte Cassino
The monks here copied the Bible, sermons, etc. They added material from scholars and people, usually in Latin, to their copies.
Ideographic
In this stage pictures were converted into ideograms, pictures that suggest names of objects and events that became symbols,.
Areopagitica
Eloquent denunciation of licensing addressed to Parliament and written in 1664. One of the most ringing endorsements of freedom of speech (more so religious freedom of speech).
Scriptorium
a large, required, common workroom overseen by the chief scribe in monasteries where monks produced books themselves.
Hieroglyphic
Literally means "sacred carved letters.' Mainly used for religious display, inscriptions on monuments, temple walls, and tombs, and painted on pottery.
Oxford Gazette
semi-weekly newspaper printed on both sides of single sheet that appeared in the university town it is named after in 1665. Henry Muddiman was the founder and editor.
Broadslides
a single news sheet, printed on one side only, with a woodcut illustration on the top half. Sold by piles to news hawkers and disposed of singly by means of loud salesmanship on the streets. News, entertainment, and editorials.
Chinese writing and printing
1st to produce ink made from soot, paper, and a printing press.
William Caxton
British man who moved to Germany, learned how to print and brought it back to England. He wrote the History of Troy which was the first book printed in English.
Johan Gutenberg
In 1450, he was able to create a printing press with movable type.
Fugger
German house, a family banking institution, that paid correspondents in distant locations to report news back along commercial routes and even across the battle when necessary.
John Milton
Poet who wrote Areopagitica endorsing freedom of discussion.
Elizabeth Mallet
Founded the 1st daily newspaper in England in 1702.
Sumerians
Forerunners of the Phoenicians and the Greeks, They created letters that meant something over time, achieving the phonetic stage.

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