Honors World History Chapter 3
Terms
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- 10 Commandments
- Moses brought them down from Mount Sinai, they were written by Yahweh and are 10 laws to follow
- Hittites
- a group of Indo-European speakers who occupied Anatolia, or Asia Minor, they dominated Southwest Asia for 450 years, signed a peace treaty with Egypt to help the other fight of future invaders; excelled in the technology of war
- Minotaur
- According to Legend, Minotaur was a half-human, half-bull monster that King Minos kept locked in a labyrinth
- Solomon
- son of King David, most powerful of the Hebrew kings; built a trading empire and a great temple, but caused many economic problems and forced labor
- Buddha
- -"enlightened one", Siddhartha Gautama was called this after he found enlightenment
- Mahabharata
- a great epic of India that reflects the struggles that took place in India as the Aryans moved south
- Migration
- movements of people from one region to another
- Patriarch
- the male head of a family or tribal line; Abraham was this of Hebrews, Judaism, and Islam
- Torah
- the first five books of the Holy Bible
- Labrynth
- A complicated maze that no one could escape; where King Minos kept Minotaur, the half-human, half-bull monster, so he couldn't escape
- Epic
- noting or pertaining to a long poetic composition, usually centered upon a hero, in which a series of great achievements or events is narrated in elevated style
- Nebuchadnezzar
- great Babylonian king who ran the Egyptians out of Syria and ancient Palestine and attacked Jerusalem twice
- Domino Theory
- one falls into the other; first group in Domino Theory: Celts, were the first ones to leave because people were pressing against them and so on
- Babylonian Captivity
- the exile of all Hebrews from the ancient Kingdom of Judah to Babylon by Nebuchadnezzar
- Eastern Branch
- where the Aryans and Slavs went
- Karma
- good or bad deeds that follow from one reincarnation to another; influences specific life circumstances, such as the caste one is born into, one's state of health, wealth or poverty, and so on
- Minoans
- a powerful seafaring people that lived on Crete from about 2000 to 1400 B.C.
- Israel
- the new kingdom in which the Hebrews were united under Saul, David, and Solomon from about 1020 to 922 B.C.
- Aryans
- other Indo-European people whose homeland was probably somewhere between the Caspian and Aral seas; they crossed over the northwest mountain passes and into the Indus River valley of India; left a picture in their sacred literature, Vedas
- caste system
- a system of social classes in which people are separated into different social classes that determined their role in society: Brahmins (priests), warriors, peasants or traders, and shudras (people that did work that the Aryans did not want to do)
- Western Branch
- where the Hittites went, they established themselves in Turkey
- Brahmins
- priests, at the top of the Caste System
- Enlightenment
- wisdom; what Siddhartha Gautama went searching for when he was 29 and found after 6 years
- Indo-Europeans
- a group of nomadic peoples who came from the steppes
- Colony
- a group of people who leave their native country to form in a new land a settlement subject to, or connected with, the parent nation; Carthage, Naples, etc.
- Jainism
- a religion founded by Mahavira in which they believe that everything in the universe has a soul and should not be harmed
- Moses
- the man who led the Hebrews out of slavery in Egypt and received the Ten Commandments on Mount Sinai
- Reincarnation
- rebirth; the perfect understanding (moksha) that Hindus try to have cannot be possessed in one lifetime, so by the process of this rebirth, an individual soul or spirit is born again and again until moksha is achieved
- King David
- an extremely popular leader who united the tribes, established Jerusalem as the capital, and founded a dynasty; son-in-law of King Saul
- Judah
- When Israel divided into two, the southern part was called this
- Knossos
- The capital city of Minoa; archaeologists found many remains of the Minoan culture there
- Covenant
- mutual promise between God and the founder of the Hebrew people in which Yahweh promised to protect Abraham and his descendants
- Tribute
- peace money paid by a weaker power to a stronger; Israel and Judah paid tribute to Assyria so that they wouldn't have to worry about Assyrians attacking
- Noah
- the only one man who found favor in the Hebrew God Yahweh's eyes who listened to Yahweh when he told them there was going to be a flood for 40 days and 40 nights
- Eightfold Path
- a guide to behavior that Buddhists follow in which you had to master one step at a time
- Middle Branch
- where the Italics, Celts, Thracians, Myceneans, and Macidonians went
- Gilgamesh
- central character of the Epic of Gilgamesh, which describes the legendary story of Gilgamesh, the King of Uruk
- moksha
- a state of perfect understanding of all things; In the course of the dialogues in the Upanishads, a teacher and student explore how a person can achieve liberation from desires and suffering
- Exodus
- the event when the Hebrews fled Egypt between 1300 and 1200 B.C.
- Alphabet
- This was the Phoenicia's greatest legacy; they created symbols to represent sounds to make it up