Kush: Egypt's Rival
Terms
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- King Kashta of Kush
- Invaded Egypt and took over Upper Egypt.
- Kerma
- The capital of Kushite government, was an important trading center for central and southern Africa. Eventually became the center for the Kushite civilization, known for beautiful pottery.
- Meroe
- Kushite leaders move capital from Egypt to Meroe in 671 BC. Kushites invent own 23 letter alphabet, set up new trading networks and developed own innovations.
- Natural Resources
- Egyptians became dependent on the natural resources such as granite, hardwoods, and gold in Nubia.
- Mummification
- Removing all organs except the heart, rubbing with special oils and wrapping in linen cloth, process took 70 days and was to preserve the dead body.
- Nubia Villagers
- Farmed the Nile floodplain and herded cattle as nomads.
- Napata
- Kushite leaders fled Kerma and set up a new capital here to escape the Egyptians.
- Slag
- Heaps of waste from melting iron ore found in Africa.
- Middle Kingdom
- Egyptian pharaohs move to annex, take over, northern Nubia and make it part of Egypt.
- Nubians
- Lived as Egyptians and may have provided some of the basic ideas of Egyptian culture.
- Shabaka
- Brother of Piye who claimed the pharaoh's throne in Thebes.
- Nubia
- The land along the Nile River from Egypt's southern border, almost to where Sudan stands today.
- Between 5th and 6th Cataract
- Meroe located here.
- Dynasty 15
- Hyksos who came to Egypt from western Europe, ruled for about 100 years in Egypt. Introduced important military innovations like the chariot and stronger bows.
- Iron Ore
- Kushite workers dug up pieces of the iron ore from beneath rock and sand. They would melt to make iron tools and weapons.
- Dynasty 25
- Known as the Kushite dynasty, ruled less than 100 years, made Egypt stronger by setting up trade links.
- Piye - son of King Kashta
- Followed father successes and conquered Lower Egypt.
- 3rd Cataract
- Kerma located here.
- Six
- The number of Cataracts along the Nile River.
- Axum
- African kingdom that defeated the Kushites as it grew weaker from being bypassed with new trade routes.
- 4th Cataract
- Napata located here.
- Band
- In Nubia this was the basic social unit. Each lived independently of the others and no single king powerful enough to unite.
- Dynasty 18
- Rulers formed Egypt's first full time army heading as far north as the Euphrates River.
- Nobles
- Goverened the people and peasants, who farmed the land.
- Egyptian Slaves
- Had some rights, were allowed personal items, could hold government jobs, and could earn their freedom.