Civics Review
Terms
undefined, object
copy deck
- what courts deal with federal laws and Constitution?
- federal
- Supreme court's jurisdiciton
- mainly appelate; original in foreign diplomats or where state is a party
- 2 ways cases reach supreme court
-
writ or certiorari
state appeals - steps in civil case
-
~lawyer is hired
~complaint is filed
~defendant receives summons & files answer
~discovery: both sides prepare for trial
~trial! - what is a tort?
- wrongful act which injured parties have right to sue for damages
- how are state amendments proposed?
- state legislature, popular initiative, xonstituional convention, or constitutional commission
- what are the presiding officers of state houses?
-
upper---lieut. gov
lower---speaker of th ehouse - what is intergovernmental revenue?
- money distributed form one level of govt. to another
- regressive taxes?
- affect people with low income rather than low incomes (help rich)SALES TAX
- proportional tax?
- each person pays same percentage
- local govts are established by? and dependent upon?
- constitution---state govt.
- what is real/personal property?
-
real=land/buildings
property=belongings - what are the types of party systems?
-
1-party
2-party
multi-party - Types of third parties?
-
single-issue=focus on one idea
idealogical=focus on changing socity
splinter=splits off from major party - election day
- first tues after first mon in nov
- heads of parties on stat/nat'l level
-
state=state party chairperson
nat'l=nat'l party chairperson - how are candidates selected?
- caucuses, nominating convention, petition, and primary election
- what was prob. w/ nominating conventions?
- bosses [party leaders] took over
- what are committees of nominating conventions
- rules, credentials, and platform committees, also committee of permanent organization
- what is platform
- party's statements of beliefs
- what is a caucus
- private meetings of party leaders
- open/close primary
-
open=all voters vote
close=only members of political party vote - what are pacs
- political actions committees-designed to support political candidates w/ campaign contributions
- Federal Elections Commissions?
- issues regulations and advisory opinonis that control PAC activity
- conservative?
- believes govt. should be limited except in supportin gtraditional moral values and promoting freedom of opportunity.
- lliberal
- govt. should have active role in promoting liberties
- what is soft money
- money candidates raise for general purposes
- 15th amendment?
- no state can take away right to vote
- 19th amendment
- women can vote
- 26th amendment
- 18 year olds can vote
- qualifications to vote
- 18, citizen, resident of state voted in
- how is public opinion measured
- opinion polls
- courts help congress exercise power
- legislative
- trial jury
- petit jury
- What are the 2 types of jurisdiction?
-
appellate---appeals courts
original - what are grand and petit juries?
-
grand=16-23 people; hears charges in a crim and can issue indictment
petit=6-12 people; weighs evidence in a criminal or civil trial - dtermines # of justices
- Congress
- four types of supreme court opinions
- unanimous, majority, concurring (agree for different reason), dissenting (disagree)
- What are the parts of a state's constitution?
-
bill of rights, preamble, body & amendments......
Purpose: set up/establish state & local government, how money is raised/spent; sets up independent agencies - What are steps in a criminal case?
-
~police start investigation
~arrest warrant is issued
~taken 2 police station to be "booked"
~initial appearance: charges heard
~prliminary hearing is set; grand jury decides if enough evidence for trial is prevalent
~plea bargaining
~arraignments and leas
~trial is held
~decision made by jury
~sentence is issued - what makes up exec. branch of state govt/
-
head=gov
lieutenatn governor
secretary of state
state treasurer - shock probation/incarceration
-
probation=brief incarceration by supervised release
incarceration=prison program involving shorter sentences in highly structured environment - progressive taxes?
- help the poor; vary with a person's ability to pay INCOME TAX
- types of local govt
- county; municipality; township; special district
- what's incorporation why is charter needed?
- states grant citizens the right to set up a legal community. Charters determine the type of govt. the community will have.
- what is special district
- focuses on one function
- what are problems with urban growth?
-
more people in limited area=land/housing becomes more scarce and costly
social problems=homelessness and drugs
future challenges=mass transit, infrastructure & economic development) - where voting takes place
- precinct