Civics Midterm Review
Terms
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- Common Law
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-Basic citizen rights are protected
-No one is exempt from the law
-People have a voice in their government - Fundamental Principles of Democracy
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-Representation in government
-Rule of law
-Government by the consent of the governed - Popular Sovereignty
- government by the consent of the governed
- Virginia Declaration of Rights
- basis for the Bill of Rights
- Charters of the Virginia Company of London
- outlined the rights guaranteed to colonists as Englishmen
- Purpose for writing the Declaration of Independence
- to establish inalienable rights of colonists
- Federalism
- a balance of powers between the federal and state governments
- Preamble
- introduction to the US Constitution explaining why it was written
- In what century did the United States experience the most growth due to immigration?
- 20th century
- In what two ways can a person become a citizen of the United States?
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-by birth
-naturalization - What is the purpose of the 14th amendment?
- Protects citizens against unfair actions by the state government
- What is the purpose of the 1st admendment?
- Gives citizens the basic rights: freedom of speech, religion, petition, assembly, and press
- List some Civic Duties citizens are required to perform:
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-serve in the armed forces if called
-obey the laws
-pay taxes
-serve on a jury or be a witness in court if called - What is the difference between a duty and a responsibility?
- A duty is an obligation you are required to fulfill and if you do not complete them you could face consequences...a responsibility is something you choose to do
- List some traits of good citizenship that people can perform
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-responsibility
-accountibility
-self reliance - What is the main function of a political party?
- Nominate a candidate for office
- What do candidates use advertising for?
- Influence voters
- What type of political system does the US have?
- Two party system
- What is the purpose of third parties?
- ARise on occation to bring new ideans and issues to the political arena
- Whalt impact does the Media have on an election?
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-identify candidates
-help people make informed decisions
-broadcast different points of view - What is campaign finance reform?
- An effort to limit the amount of money that can be contributed to politicians
- What are the qualifications to vote in Virginia?
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-Be a US citizen
-Be a resident of VA
-Be 18 by the next election
-Had voting rights restored if convicted of a felony
-Had capacity restored if declared mentally incapacitated by Circuit Court - What factor is considered the most likely to influence people in making the decision to vote?
- Education
- What is the function of the Electoral College?
- to cast ballots to select the president and vice-president of the US
- What are reserved powers?
- Powers given to the states by the Constitution
- What is the purpose of the Legislative Branch?
- to make the laws
- What are the responsibilities of the Executive Branch?
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-grant pardon
-appoint cabinet members - What type of power is caused by having checks and balances at all levels of government?
- Limited Power
- What steps are need to amend the US Constitution?
- Congress proposes...states ratify
- What does bicameral mean?
- Having two houses: in the US the House of Representatives and the Senate
- What is the role of Interest Groups in regards to legislation?
- give input of to sponsors so bills will reflect their interests
- In what document are the executive powers outlined for the Commonwealth of Virginia?
- Virginia Constitution
- What are Interest Groups?
- an organization of people with common interests who try to influence government policies and decisions
- How do individuals influence public policy?
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Voting and campaigning
Expressing opinions
Joins interest groupos - What court in the Virginia court system has a jury?
- VA Circuit court
- What types of cases are heard by Circuit courts?
- mainly felonies/civil crimes valued over $1000
- Why is Marbury v. Madison a landmark case?
- Established Judicial Review
- Virginia state laws must conform and align with which two documents?
- Virginia constitution and the US Constitution
- After being arrested, what is the next step in a criminal case?
- The person may be committed to jail/released on bail
- Felony crimes are part of which court system?
- Criminal Court
- What are three types of sentences for juveniles who commit crimes?
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-ward of state
-probation
-sent to a special school/reformatory - What is due process?
- protection of rights against unfair governmental actions and laws
- What is the Supreme law of the Land?
- US Constitution
- what are the fist ten amendments to the Constitution commonly called?
- The Bill of Rights