History Chapter 9
Manifest Destiny
Terms
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- New Mexico
- state founded in 1598; the oldest colony of New Spain
- Pueblos
- the indian people that got diseased and were diminished form 14,000 in 1700 to 10,000 in 1765
- Apaches
- indians of the Great Plains who were aggressive and powerful
- Apaches
- the indian tribe that had a living of killing buffalo with the help of horses from the spanish
- Comanches
- indians of the rocky mountains
- Lakotas
- indians of the mississippi valley
- navajos
- indians of the canyons
- apaches
- the indians who ravaged new mexico; very few of them accepted the peace terms of the Spanish
- Texas
- the original purpose of this state was to protect the Spanish mines and other territories of Mexico
- California
- the Spanish used this state as part of their northern buffer zone from the russian traders from alaska
- california
- people did not want to come here because of isolation from the market; they came here during the gold rush
- junipero serro
- franciscan priest who set up missions in the mexican us area
- Junipero serro
- he set up 4 presidios, 9 missions, and 2 agricultural towns, San Jose and Los Angeles by 1784
- 1821
- the year that Spanish rule ended
- expansionist
- person who favors territorial growth
- manifest destiny
- the belief that GOd wanted the US to own all of North America
- Santa Fe Trail
- trail from missouri to new mexico that gave horse, mules, fur, and silver there and brough american manufactured goods
- mountain men
- young american trappers who hunt for beaver pelts in the Rockies
- South Pass
- a small shortcut in Wyoming
- Jedidiah Smith
- he took South Pass and went through the Sierra Nevada to reach California to trade with the mexicans
- California Trail
- trail that linked the US to the pacific coast
- oregon trail
- trail including the south pass to get to the walla walla indian mission
- marcus and narcissa whitman
- two men who attracted people to the Willamette Valley; they end up getting killed by native americans who blamed them for bringing disease
- john fremont
- he went west by way of the mountain men trails
- 5 months
- the time it took to go from missouri to the california coast by wagon
- donner party
- the group of people who got lost on their way to california and resorted to cannibalism
- brigham young
- organized a mormon "exodus" to New Zion of Utah
- Joe Smith
- the founder of the mormons
- 1847
- the year that brigham young led the mormons to new zion
- Treaty of Fort Laramie
- 1851 the US forces the indians to stay away from the trails, but they don't comply
- tejanos
- the orignal settlers of texas
- anglo-texans
- the american settlers in texas
- Texas
- the place where mexicans would allow americans to settle if they became a mexican citizen, worshipped as a roman catholic, and accepted the roman constitution
- slavery
- this was banned by the mexican constitution
- Stephen Austin
- the founder of Austin, Texas
- 6:1
- the ratio of anglo-texans to tejanos in 1835
- antonio lopez de santa anna
- the dictator and last hope of mexico
- Alamo
- the only battle that the Americans lost to the mexicans
- sam houston
- the first president of texas
- remember the alamo
- the motto of americans to fight for texas since Santa Anna made martyrs out of their soldiers
- Battle of San Jacinto
- Sam Houston attack Santa Anna to kill 630 and capture 730 and to sign a treaty for texas independence and adding half of new mexico
- James Polk
- the president who won at the 1844 election
- Henry Clay
- this dude opposed james polk
- James Polk
- won the election because he promised to acquire oregon
- Oregon
- the state that Polk split between the US and Britain because he did not want to provoke a war with a powerful country
- Lone Star Republic
- texans declare themselves the _______as they pushed for independence
- Zachary Taylor
- the general who was first sent to patrol the border at the two rivers (Nueces and Rio Grande)
- May 1846
- The start of the Mexican-American War
- democrats
- these politics supported the war
- whigs
- these politics opposed the war since Polk provoked it by sending troops there
- Whigs
- The politics who did not aggressively oppose the war because of what happened to the federalist party
- advantage
- The US was at an ___________ during the war because they were larger, wealthier, more populous, and had more industries for weapons
- Winfield Scott
- the general whom Polk used to replace Taylor
- Stephen Kearny
- the general who got New Mexico though diplomacy
- John Fremont
- he helped Kearny get California
- Bear Flag Republic
- also known as California
- Battle of Buenavista
- the second time that Santa Anna was beaten
- Veracruz
- the port city that Winfield Scott went to before he went to Mexico City for the final time
- Chapultepec
- site of Los Ninos Heroes
- September 1847
- When Winfield Scott got Mexico City and won the war
- Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
- 1848 the treaty when mexico gave the northern third of their country to the US
- Nicholas Trist
- Polk's negotiator who only got Mexico City
- Gadsen Purchase
- 1853 the US gets Arizona and New Mexico for the sake of building railroads
- David Wilmot
- the whig who wanted all new lands from Mexico to ban slavery
- Wilmot Proviso
- the law that tried to ban slavery in the new mexican territories
- 1848
- the year of the gold rush
- San Francisco
- the city where people traveling the sea route to the gold rush would come
- forty-niners
- the people who participated in the gold rush
- placer mining
- using cheap metal pans, shovels, and picks to get gold from the bottom of streambeds
- hydraulic mining
- mining that damaged the environment in order to jet water sluices to catch gold
- hard rock mining
- mining for the wealthiest people who could go in the mountains to get the gold with quartz
- foreign miners tax
- foreigners had to pay this if they wanted to mine on white man's territory
- californios
- californian mexicans
- October 1849
- California holds a convention to draw up a state constitution
- africans
- _______-were excluded from the California state constitution
- 15:15
- the ratio of free states and slave states in 1849