APUSH Ch. 13- Union in Peril
Terms
undefined, object
copy deck
- Abolitionists
- Wish to abolish slavery
- Doctrine of Free Soil
- Belief that Congress would prohibit slavery in all the new territories- keep the west a land of opportunity for Whites.
- Popular Sovereignty
- Territories could decide on the issue of slavery for themselves.
- Compromise of 1850
- (Henry) California applies for statehood- banning slavery- President Taylor supports admission of California and New Mexico as a free state- South talks of secession.
- 5 Parts to the 1850s Compromise
-
1. Admit Cali as a free state
2. Divide Mexican Cession into 2 territories- Utah and New Mex. Slavery would be decided by Popular Sov.
3. Texas- New Mex. boundary- give lands favorable to New Mex. in return- federal gvt would assume Texas' public debt of $10 mill.
4. Ban slave trade in Washington DC
5. Enforce the Fugitive Slave law - Reaction to Compromise
- Differences still remain between the North and South
- North's Benefit
-
Cali is a free state and New Mex/Utah are likely to be free...
No slave trade in DC. - South's Benefit
- Strict fugitive slave law
- Fugitive Slave Act (1850)
- Track down runaway slaves who escaped to the North, capture them, and return them to their owners.
- Wilmot Proviso (1846)
-
David Wilmot proposed to forbid slavery in any of the new territories acquired from Mexico (passed House twice- defeated in Senate)
-Acquisition of western lands renewed the sectional debate over slavery. - Attempts to Prevent Enforcement
-
- Underground Railroad
- "Personal Liberty Laws" - Underground Railroad
- Harriet Tubman helped free 300+ slaves through a network of quakers. Price for her head- $40,000
- Possible causes of the Civil War?
-
- Harriet Beecher Stowe's "Uncle Tom's Cabin"
- Kansas Nebraska Act
- "Bleeding Kansas"
- John Brown's Raid - Harriet Beecher Stowe
-
wrote "Uncle Tom's Cabin"
Story of conflict between slave Tom and brutal owner Simon Legree splits the North and South.
- Depicted slave owners as cruel and inhuman.
- Book aroused Northern sympathy for slaves
- South said it was a "book of untruths". - Abe Lincoln meets Stowe
- "So you're the little woman who wrote the book that made this great war."
- Kansas Nebraska Act (Stephen Douglas)
- Renews sectional conflict- many felt it was buried by the Compromise of 1850.
- Nebraska Territory
- Divided Kansas and Nebraska Territories- settlers would decide on slavery by Pop. Sov.
- Reaction to the Kansas Nebraska Act
-
North is upset- repeals the Missouri Compromise (36'30) favors the South
- Slavery is Northern territories- competition for jobs- concept of free labor would die.
- Slavery had no natural limits once in- it would spread.
- "Diabolical Slave Power" - Demise of the Whig Party
-
- "Know-Nothing party"
- Republican Party - "Know-Nothing"
-
Nativist hostility toward immigrants and Catholics.
- Drew support away from the Whigs - Republican Party
-
Founded as a reaction to the Kansas-Nebraska Act and called for repeal of the K-Neb. Act and Fugitive Slave Act
- Opposed slavery in the territories
- Made up of free-soilers and anti-slave whigs and democrats. - New England Emigrant Aid Company
- Abolitionist group in Boston sends antislavery settlers to Kansas.
- "Border Ruffians"
- Missouri- proslavery cross over and vote illegally- gain power in government.
- "Sack of Lawrence"
- Proslavery groups burn several buildings and destroy 2 printing presses.
- "Pottawatomi Massacre"
- Abolitionist James Brown kills 5- strikes terror in Southerners
- Dred Scott v. Sanford
- Scott (slave) sues for his freedom- ends up in the Supreme Court
- Dred Scott v. Sanford - Decision -
-
Chief Justice Roger Taney (Southern Democrat) writes.
1. No right to sue- blacks aren't US citizens.
2. Scott is property- Congress cannot deprive any person of property without due process of law
3. Miss. Compromise of 1820 is declared unconstitutional. - Effects of the Decision
- All western territory is open to slavery
- Douglas/Lincoln views on Popular Sovereignty
-
Douglas supports it- Lincoln opposes slavery in territories
- Lincoln question Douglas- How can he can he reconcile Pop. Sov. with Dred Scott? - Douglas' Response
-
Response with Free Port Doctrine - slavery could not exist if local citizens didn't pass or enforce laws. To protect slave property.
Douglas wins election- loses Southern Democrat support- Lincoln emerges as a national Republican leader. - Sumner-Brooks Incident
- Mass. Senator Sumner attacks the Democrats administration and South Carolina Senator Andrew Butler- Butler's nephew Preston Brooks beats Sumner over the head with a cane. "Cane is fit for a dog".
- Provisions of the Slave Act
-
Denied fugitives the right to a trial by jury
- Those who helped runaway slaves would face heavy penalties - Lecompton Constitution
-
- A proslavery state constitution for Kansas is submitted- even though most were Republican and against it.
- President Buchanan support it but is defeated in Congress. - John Brown's Raid
-
Abolitionist who raids the federal arsenal at Harper Ferrys, VA- to arm slaves and lead a slave revolt- he's captured, tried for treason, and hung.
To North- John Brown is a martyr.
To South- Saw it as an attempt to destroy slavery. - "Bleeding Kansas"
-
- Battle between proslavery and anti-slavery groups over the Kansas Territory.
- New England Emigrant Aid Company
- "Border Ruffians"
- "Sack of Lawrence"
- "Pottawatomi Massacre"