sol review
Terms
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- Montezuma
- Aztec emperor conquered by Hernando Cortes
- William and Mary
- ruled after Glorious Revolution; ruled under limited monarchy
- Qing Dynasty
- China's last dynasty, ruled from 1644-1912 and expanded China's borders to include Taiwan, Mongolia, and Tibet
- Prince Henry
- Portugeuse royal aka as "the Navigator," who built school for explorers
- Sultan
- "Overlord", or "one with power"
- joint-stock company
- business in which investors pool their wealth for a common purpose, then share profits
- God, glory, gold
- primary motives for exploration
- Devshrime
- In the Ottoman Enpire, the policy of taking boys from conquered Christian peoples to be trained as Muslim soldiers
- mercantilism
- economic policy under which nations sought to increase wealth & power by obtaining raw materials and selling finished product back to colony at higher price
- Millets
- Seperate legal courts pertaining to personal law under which minorities were allowed to rule themselves
- colony
- land controlled by another nation
- Old Regime
- social and political system of France in which people were divided into three social classes or estates
- Constantinople
- Conquered my Mehmed II
- Jizya
- A per capita tax inposed on non-Muslim adult males
- Mausoleum
- A large tomb or building containing tombs
- federal system
- system of government in which power is divided between a central authority and number of individual states
- Bill of Rights
- first 10 amendments to the u.S. Consititution that portect citizens' basic rights and freedoms
- Byzantine Empire
- Non-Muslim religious communities permitted to follow their own religious laws and practices
- Puritans
- group of people seeking freedom from religious persecution in England
- Aurangzeb
- 3rd son of Shah Jahan of Mughal Empire in India
- Christopher Columbus
- In 1492 sailed west across Atlantic to find alternate route to Asia: explored San Salvador, Cuba, Hispaniola; made 4 trips
- Charles I
- Stuart King of England, beheaded after English Civil War
- Tenochtitlan
- Aztec capital
- English Civil War
- conflict (1642-1649) in which Puritan supporters of Parliament battled supporters of Englands monarchy
- Metacom
- aka King Philip, Native American ruler, who in 1675 led attack on colonial villages throughout Massachusetts
- astrolabe
- brass circle with rings marked off in degrees so ships captain could calculate latitude
- Shah
- Hereditary moonarch of Iran
- Esfahan
- Shah Abbas built this new capital for the Safavid culture
- Suleyman the Lawgiver
- Also known as Suleyman the Magnificant
- Infidel
- One who doesn't believe in a certain religion
- compass
- instrument used to determine direction
- mestizo
- person of mixed Spanish and Native American ancestry
- Osman
- Known as the most successful warrior
- Hernando Cortes
- Spanish conquistador who conquered the Aztecs
- Vasco da Gama
- Portuguese explorer credited with giving Portugal direct sea route to India
- Akbar
- Baburs grandson, "Greatest One"
- Zheng He
- Chinese Muslim admiral; led 7 exploratory voyages from 1405-1433 from southeast Asia to eastern Africa
- Tokugawa Shogumate
- dynasty of shoguns that ruled a unified Japan from 1603 to 1867
- Jacques Cartier
- French explorer who discovered Montreal and the St. Lawrence River
- Mughal
- One of the nomads who invaded the Idian subcontinent in the 16th centuryand established a powerful empire there
- New Netherland
- discovered by Henry Hudson for the Dutch; formed Dutch West India Company established to colonize the region and expand the fur trade
- Petition of Right
- document signed Charles I in 1628 that the monarch's power
- Oliver Cromwell
- Lord Protector; Puritan general in English Civil War
- Janissary
- A member of an elite force of soldiers in the Ottoman Empire
- second estate
- comprised of French nobility
- Treaty of Tordesillas
- agreement between Spain and Portugal brokered by the pope that divided New World
- Francisco Pizarro
- Spanish conquistador who conquered Incas
- Shah Abbas
- Also knwon as Abbaas the Great
- Mehmed II
- Also called Mehmed the Conqueror
- Ghazi
- A Warrior for Islam
- Manchus
- native Manchurians who ruled China during Qing Dynasty (1644-1912) and expanded China's Borders
- Babur
- 11 year old boy who inherited a kindom that is now Uzbekistan and Tajikistan
- capitalism
- economic system based on private ownership and on the investment of money in business ventures for a profit
- first estate
- comprised of French clergy
- Dutch East India Company
- company founded in early 17th century to establish and direct trade throuhgout Asia
- Shah Juhan
- Son of Jahangir
- Sikh
- Member of a nonviolent religious group whose beliefs belnd elements of Buddhism, Hinduism, and Sufism, target of the Mughals hatred
- Jamestown
- Virginia colony founded 1607 following decree from King James to found colony in North America
- Line of Demarcation
- imaginary longitudinal line drawn by pope to divide new lands claimed by Portugal from those claimed by Spain
- Timur the Lame
- Named due to an injury by an arrow int he leg
- Ming Dynasty
- Chinese dynasty that ruled from 1368-1644; dominant power in Asia
- estates
- French social classes
- Pilgrims
- group of Puritans who founded Plymouth colony in Massachusetts in 1620
- habeas corpus
- document requiring that a prisoner be brought before a court or judge to determine whether imprisonment is legal
- Safavid
- A Shi'ite Mislim dynasty that ruled in Persia
- favorable balance of trade
- an economic situation in which a country sells more goods abroad than it buys from abroad
- caravel
- sturdy ship with triangular sails that help vessel sail,effectively against wind
- Ottooman
- Follower or Osman
- New France
- base of Frances colonial empire in North America
- constitutional monarchy
- system of governing in which the ruler's power is limited by law/constitution
- Restoration
- period following Protecorate in which English monarchy (Charles II) restored
- Columbian Exchange
- aka Global Exchange or Grand Exchange; global transfer of plants, animals, & diseases that occurred during European colonization of Americas
- conquistado
- Spanish soldiers, explorers, and fortune hunters
- daimyo
- Japanese feudal lord who commanded a private army of samurai
- Isma'il
- In 1499, at the age of 12, siezed most of what is now Iran
- Atahualpa
- Incan king conquered by Pizarro
- Glorious Revolution
- bloodless overthrow of James II (English) to be replaced by William and Mary
- third estate
- comprised of the middle class and peasants
- cabinet
- group of advisors or ministers chosen by head of country to help make government decisions
- encomienda
- grant of land made by Spain to a settler in the Americas that included right to use Native American laborers
- Bartolomeu Dias
- Portuguese explorer who sailed to Cape of Good Hope
- Taj Mahal
- built by jahan in india, most beautiful building in the world
- Roundheads
- Puritan supporters of Oliver Cromwell
- French & Indian War
- conflict, known as Seven Years War in Europe, between Britain and France in 1754-1763 for control of territory in North America
- checks and balances
- measures designed to prevent any one branch of government from dominating the others