Science Vocab Mrs. Martin Final
Terms
undefined, object
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- cytoplasm
- The space between the cell membrane and the nucleus of a cell.
- genotype
- An organism's genetic makeup, or allele combination. (example, TT, Tt, tt)
- Sample Size
- The number of items in a sample; in general, a larger sample size yields better statistical information than a smaller sample size; large sample size can decrease the effect of random variation and make trends and predictions more accurate.
- lysosome
- A membrane-bound organelle in the cytoplasm of most cells containing various enzymes that function in digestion.
- nuclear membrane
- The membrane enclosing the nucleus of a cell. Also called nuclear envelope.
- genetics
- The scientific study of variation and heredity.
- epidemiologist
- a scientist who traces the spread of disease through population
- fertilization
- The joining of sperm cell and an egg cell.
- probability
- The likelihood that a particular event will occur.
- heredity
- The passing of traits from parents to offspring.
- ribosome
- Small round organelles found in the cytoplasm of living cells that serve as the site of protein synthesis.
- Variable
- Subject to change; a quantity able to assume different numerical values; in an experiment, it is the value that is changed or controlled in order to isolate and identify what is causing the observed effect.
- selectively permeable
- Describes a structure that allows certain substances to pass through, but not others
- deficiency
- a lack or shortage of something
- phenotype
- An organism's physical appearance, or visible trait. (example, orange tailed)
- microbes
- creatures tht are to small to be seen with the naked eye
- nucleus
- A large, membrane-bound, usually spherical structure within a living cell that contains the cell's genetic material, or DNA.
- evidence
- the available facts, data, and/or observations which support a theory or conclusion
- protist
- Unicellular organisms that contain nuclei which includes protozoans like amoeba and paramecium. Eukaryote.
- field of view
- the area visible through a microscope
- fine focus knob
- moves the stage slightly to focus the object
- magnification
- the ability to make things larger than they appear
- Range
- A set of values. ("The normal pulse range of adult is 60-80 beats per minute")
- stage
- the flat platform where you place your slides
- NIH
- National Institute of Health-an organization that provides money for scientific research
- photosynthesis
- The processes by which plant cells internally produce food in the form of glucose by combining sunlight with carbon dioxide and water.
- infectious
- a disease that can pass from on e person to another
- clone
- An organism that is genetically identical to the organism from which it is produced.
- coarse adjustment knob
- moves stage to focus the object
- control
- a standard of comparason for checking or varifying the result of an expirement
- total magnification
- objective lense x eyepiece
- diffusion
- The process by which particles move from an area of higher to lower concentration.
- vector
- a carrier that is an animal
- clinical trial
- test doen by volunteers to determine is a product such as medicine should be made available to the public
- cell theory
- the widly accepted explanation of the relations between cells. 3 parts
- FDA
- Food and Drug Administration. The agency that is responsible for determining if a food or drug is safe and effective enough to be sold to the public.
- asexual reproduction
- The reproductive process that involves only one parent and produces offspring that are identical to the parents.
- Qualitative Data
- Information that is difficult to measure, count, or express in numerical terms; used in research involving detailed, verbal descriptions of characteristics, cases, and settings; typically uses observation, interviewing, and document review to collect data.
- placebo
- a inactive substance or preperation used as a control in an expirement or test to determine the effectivness of a medical drug
- random
- By chance, like the flip of a coin
- experiment
- the act of conducting a controlled test or investigation
- disease
- a breakdown in the structure or function of a living organism
- Hypothesis
- An explanation for an observation or scientific problem that can be tested by further investigation.
- quarantine
- the isolation of a person or animal who has a disease
- cell
- the basic unit of structure and function in living things
- observation
- the viewing and recording of data
- informed consent
- a form signed by volunteers in a clinical trail that states they have been told(informed) about the risks and that they agree(consent) to participate in te trail
- scientific method
- 1. state problem/question 2. propose explanation ( hypothesis) 3.collect evidnece/conduct expirement4.analyze data 5. draw conclusion(repeate expiremnt if necessary
- cross-section
- A section that is cut along the width (or middle) of a structure.
- organelles
- A structure within a cell, such as a mitochondria, vacuole, or chloroplast, that performs a specific function and contributes to the life of the cell as a whole.
- inference
- ogical conclusion based on factual knowledge or evidence
- traits
- A specific variation of a characteristic that an organism can pass on to its offspring through its genes.
- multicellular/unicellular
- a type of organism that is made up of many cells/ a type of organsim that is made up of one cell
- sexual reproduction
- The reproductive process that involves two parents who combine their genetic material to produce a new organism, which differs from both parents.
- offspring
- Product of reproduction, a new organism produced by one or more parents
- trade-offs
- the exchange of one thing in return for another, giving up one benifit or advantage for another regard that is more disirable, an exchange that occurs as a compromise
- bacteria
- Unicellular, spherical or spiral or rod-shaped organisms lacking nuclei. Prokaryote.
- objective lense
- low power 4x medium power 10x high power 40x
- optical lense/ eyepiece
- the lese at the top of the microscope that you look through usally 10x or 15x power
- base
- the bottom of the microscope used for support
- Life Science
- the study of living things and how they interact with things around them
- cellular respiration
- The processes by which living cells obtain a usable form of energy by combining oxygen with glucose.
- vacuole
- Organelles found in the cytoplasm of a cell, bound by a single membrane and containing water, food, or metabolic waste.
- golgi body
- Composed of a stack of about half a dozen vacuoles, whose purpose in the cell are to prepare and store chemical products produced in the cell, and then to secrete these outside the
- Touch Receptor
- The nerve endings that detect pressure on your skin
- mitochondria
- An elongated organelle in the cytoplasm of nearly all cells which converts food into usable energy for the cell.
- diaphragm
- a disk underneath the stage that controls light
- pellagra
- a disease caused by lack of vitemens, gives a bad rash, and causes insanity
- characteristic
- A physical attribute of an organism, such as hair color, height, color pattern, etc.
- genes
- A segment of DNA on a chromosome that codes for a specific trait.
- cell membrane
- The semi permeable membrane that encloses the cytoplasm of a cell.
- analyze
- to examine, closely study, and evaluate in oreder to better understand data
- carrier
- a person who is infected with a disease but does not get the symptoms
- osmosis
- The process by which water particles diffuse, or move from an area of higher to lower concentration across a selectively permeable membrane.
- Nervous System
- Includes your brain, spinal cord, and nerves. This system receives information from the outside and inside world and directs the way in which your body will respond to the information.
- chloroplasts
- A chlorophyll-containing organelle found in plant cells that aids in capturing light used in photosynthesis.
- germ theory
- the idea that infectous disease is caused by germs which can be spread by people
- Quantitative Data
- Data represented as numerical figures that can be expressed in numerical terms, counted, or compared on a scale; for example, the number of 911 calls received in a month.
- inherited
- Transmitted through genes from parents to offspring.
- endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
- A membrane network within the cytoplasm of cells involved in the synthesis, modification, and transport of cellular materials.
- ethics
- the study of right and wrong in people's behavior/conduct
- Conclusion
- a decision based on observations analysis of data and expirement