Surface Anantomy I
Terms
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- Trunk is erect, arms at the sides, palms forward, legs straight, & feet turned slightly outward
- Anatomical Position
- Anatomical direction: a structure that is higher than another structure.
- Superior
- Anatomical direction: A structure that is lower than another structure.
- Inferior
- Anatomical direction: A structure located in front of another structure.
- Anterior
- Anatomical direction: A structure that is behind another structure.
- Posterior
- Anatomical direction: A structure that is closer to the cardinal sagittal plane than another structure.
- Medial
- Anatomical direction: A structure that is further away from the cardinal sagittal plane than another structure.
- Lateral
- Anatomical direction: on the extremities, a structure that is closer to the beginning of the extremity than another structure.
- Proximal
- Anatomical direction: on the extremities, a structure that is further away from the beginning of the extremity than another structure.
- Distal
- Planar movement: sagittal plane, anterior-posterior, the angle formed at the joint decreases.
- Flexion
- Planar movement: sagittal plane, anterior-posterior, the angle formed at the joint increases.
- Extension
- Planar movement: frontal plane, a movement away from the mid-line.
- Abduction
- Planar movement: frontal plane, a movement towards the mid-line.
- Adduction
- Planar movement: transverse plane, a pivoting motion about the long axis of the body or a body segment
- Rotation
- Planar movement: any plane, a movement in which the joint represents a pivot & the distal segment moves in a circle.
- Circumduction
- How many bones are in the human body?
- 206
- An obvious lump on a bone that serves as a site for muscle attachment.
-
Tuberosity
Tubercle
Process - A "notched out" area of bone that generally serves as a pathway for nerves or vessels
- Notch
- An obvious bone projection that is generally longer and thinner than a tuberosity.
- Spine
- A hollowed area of bone that may or may not be obvious when first considered. It may also refer to a hollow surface area on the body
- Fossa
- A hole that passes completely through a bone.
- Foramen
- The articular surfaces of the bone.
- Condyles
- The communication (junction) of 2 or more bones as they form a joint. The bones may or may not actually touch.
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Articulation
Joint - The communicating surfaces of bones.
-
Articular Surface
Joint Surface - A hollow chamber surrounded by compact bone and contains marrow.
- Medullary Cavity
- The articulation of 2 or more connecting bones.
- Joint
- Synovial joint where movement occurs about one axis or within one plane, e.g. the knee.
- Uniaxial Joint
- Synovial joint that permits movement about 2 axes or within 2 planes, e.g. the wrist.
- Biaxial Joints
- Synovial Joint that permits movement about 3 axes or within 3 planes, e.g. the hip & shoulder.
- Triaxial Joint
- Joint involving sliding rather than rotating motion, e.g. bones of the wrist.
- Nonaxial Joint
- thin tissue surrounding most freely moving joints. Secretes fluid for lubrication.
- Synovial Membrane
- Tough fibrous sheet that surrounds many joints
- Joint Capsule
- The clavicle articulates with the _______ as well as the scapula.
-
breastbone
sternum - Most lateral portion of the scapula.
- Acromium Process
- Joint representing the articulation of the humerus & the glenoid fossa
- Glenohumeral Joint
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Upper: from spine of scapula up
Lower: from spine of scapula down - Upper & lower sections of the trapezius
- Anterior projection of the scapula that can be felt in the hollow between the arm & chest.
- Coracoid Process
- About 2 inches lateral to the coracoid process, on the anterior arm. Rotate arm to feel it move.
-
Lesser Tuberosity
of the Humerus - Roughened area of bone found between the biceps & triceps
- Deltoid Tuberosity
- The articulation between the sternum & the clavicle.
-
Sternoclavicular Joint
SC Joint - The articulation between the acromion process and the clavicle.
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Acromioclavicular Joint
AC Joint - Movement of the scapula toward the spine
- Adduction of the Scapula
- Movement of the Scapula away from the spine.
- Abduction of the scapula
- Superior movement of the Scapula.
- Elevation of the Scapula
- Inferior movement of the scapula
- Depression of the Scapula
- Movement around a sagittal axis that passes through the center of the scapula. Lateral angle of the scapula moves in a superior direction
- Upward Rotation of the Scapula
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In horizontal adduction the humerus is ______ the body.
In horizontal abduction the humerus is ______ the body -
In front of
to the side of