OT Human Development
Terms
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- What is the first sensory system to develop and also the first system in which a fetus responds first to in the prenatal period?
- Touch and Tactile system
- When are primative reflexes present? integrate?
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present: at or just after birth
integrate: throughout the 1st year - The Suck-swallow reflex occurs after the OT does what?
- Places a finger inside the infants mouth with the head in midline
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What kind of response would a baby have with Moro reflex?
(begins at 28 wks., integrates 4-6 mos.) - First phase: arm extension, abduction, hand opening; Second phase: arm flexion and adduction
- The stimulus is: fully rotate baby's head and hold the baby's head for 5 seconds; the response is: extension of extremities on the face side, flesion of extremities on the skull side; the reflex being tested is?
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Asymmetric Tonic Neck Reflex
(ATNR) - What is the relevance of ATNR?
- to promote visual hand regard
- What reflex is being tested when a baby is held in horizontal prone position and the typical response is complete extension of the head, trunk and extremities?
- Landau Reaction
- If you want to break up total extensor posture and facilitat static quadruped position, what reflex would you test for?
- Symmetric tonic neck--place infant in crawling position and extend the head for the typical response of flexion of the hip and knees
- What are reemergening or constant primitive reflexes a sign of?
- CNS--central nervous system dysfunction
- In what anatomical direction does motor development occur
- cephalocaudal
- From 0-1 month the infant has no release and the grasp reflex is strong. When does VOLITIONAL release occur--at what age
- 7-9 mos.
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What is the highest level of prewriting skills--how a pencil should be held?
What is the lowest level--how a 1 yr. old holds a crayon? -
Dynamic Tripod Grasp;
Palmar Supinate Grasp -
Who was a major theorist in psychosocial development that developed 8 stages of man dealing with personal-social crisis?
Ex: trust v. mistrust - Erik Erikson
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Who developed the stages of moral development: prevocational morality: up to age 8
conventional morality: 9-10 yrs. of age
postconventional morality: varying age range...not all reach this stage - Lawrence Kohlberg
- Who developed a hierarchy of basic needs, stating that if lower needs are met, the person can't work on higher level pursuitsq
- Abraham Maslow
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Jean Piaget's hierachial development of cognition--at what age does each period occur:
Sensorimotor?
Preoperational?
Concrete Operational?
Formal Operations? -
Sensorimotor: birth-2
Preoperational: 2-7yrs.
Concreate Operational: 7-11yr
Formal Operations: 11-teen yr - What are the 4 categories of the development of PLAY?
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Exploratory (0-2)
Symbolic (2-4)
Creative (4-7)
Games (7-12) - When are jaw and tongue movements strong enough for feeding?
- 35 weeks +
- What FOR is related to the development of adaptive skills (SI, cognition, dyadic interaction, group interaction, self-identity, sexual identity)for successful participation in occupational performance?
- Recapulation of Ontogenesis
- A child who shows signs of withdrawal, has nightmares, runs away, experience anxiety/depression and guilt, does not trust adults, is fearful and aggressive are all characteristics of what?
- Child abuse
- The weakening of the body at a gradual but steady pace during the last stages of adulthood through death is known as what?
- Senescence
- Descrimination and prejudice toward people based on their age is known as what?
- Ageism
- What is progeria?
- Premature aging
- Progeria of childhood is known as what syndrome?
- Hutchinson-Gilford syndrome
- Progeria of young adults is known as what syndrome?
- Werner's Syndrome
- At what age does muscle strenght decline?
- peaks at age 30, remains constant until age 50 then 20-40% loss by age 65
- What visual condition cause an inablitiy to FOCUS and BLURRED VISION occurs due to loss of accomodation, elasticity of the lens?
- Presbyopia
- A pt. has cloudening of the lends, increased problems with glare, darkened vision and loss of acuity, distortion. What is likely the diagnosis?
- Cataracts
- Cataracts cause the loss of ____ vision 1st, then _____ vision
- Central then peripheral
- A client is having difficulty seeing out of his peripheral vision creating "tunnel vision"--what's his diagnosis?
- Glaucoma
- A degeneration of the optic disc and atrophy of the optic nerve result in what?
- Glaucoma
- A client has lost central vision but can see some peripherally--what his condition?
- Macular Degeneration
- What visual disorder is related to impaired central vision, blurriness, and rare complete blindness?
- Diabetic retinopathy
- What type of vision loss would CVA, homonymous hemianopsia cause?
- loss of 1/2 visual field in each eye--can't receive information from R or L side; side affected depends on the side of the sensorimotor deficit
- What would be a good compensatory strategy for a person with diplopia?
- wear an eye patch
- A person with mechanical hearing loss from damage to the external auditory canal, tympanic membrane or middle ear would have what specific type of hearing loss?
- Conductive
- Central of Neural hearing loss would result in what type of hearing loss?
- Sensorineural
- What type of sensorineural hearing loss is coorelated with middle and older age?
- Presbycusis
- A person diagnosed with Otosclerosis results in profound _______ hearing loss due to the immobility of the stapes.1
- Conductive
- Proprioceptive losses with aging are greater in ______ extremities than _______ extremities and greater in _______ extremities than in proximal
- lower extremities than upper extremities; distal extremities than proximal extremities
- At what age does a child develop a fine pincer grasp?
- 12 months
- At what age does a child develop an inferior pincer grasp?
- 9 months
- At what age does a palmar grasp occur to pick up a cube?
- 5 months
- Developmental levels of hand manipulation
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1. finger to palm translation
2. palm to finger
3. shift
4. simple rotation
5. complex rotation
6. in hand manipulation - cog development (3-6 mo)
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focus of actions on objects (banging, shaking)
early awareness of cause and effect - cog skill development (18-24 mo)
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*attends to shapes and uses appropriately
*thinks before acting
*tool use for favorite object
*replaces trial/error with problem solving
*operate mechanical toy
*matches objects ie. shape sorter
*increased pretend play
*inanimate object performing activities - cog skill development (6-9 mo)
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*explores characteristics of objects (poking, pulling, tearing)
*finds objects after they disappear
*uses movement to secure toy
*repeated actions for consequence (bang object to hear noise)
*anticipates movement of objects in space (looks for objects overhead -
Cog skill development (9-12 mo)
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*able to use tool post demonstration
*goal directed behavior to produce a response
*object permanence emerges - cog skill development (24-30 mo)
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*build horizontal/ vertical with blocks
*discriminates sizes
*recognizes relationships between experiences
*focus of play is language development
*parallel play
*links combination of schemes (feeding doll baby) - cog skill develop (12-18 mo)
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*asks for help
*activates simple machine
*inspects objects
*uses trial/error for new problems
*tool use
*basic make believe