Muscles & Bones
Terms
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- The Axial Skeleton has __ bones.
- 80
- The Cranium has __ bones and __ Ossicles
- 8, 6
- The face has ___ bones
- 14
- The thoracic rib cage has __ bones
- 25
- The cervical vertabrae contains __ bones
- 7
- the thoracic vertebrae contains ___ bones
- 12
- the lumbar vertabrae contains __ bones
- 5
- the 3 extra bones on the axial skeleton are:
- hyoid, sacrum, coccyx
- Each upper extremity contains ___ bones
- 32
- Each hand contains ___ carpal, ___ meta carpal, ___ phlanges
- 8, 5, 14
- Each lower extremity contains ___ bones
- 31
- Each foot contains ___ Tarsal, ___ Metatarsal, ___ Phalanges
- 7, 4, 14
- Each upper extremity has 1 of each of 5 bones. What are they?
- clavicle, scapula, humerus, ulna, radius.
- Each lower extremity has 1 of each 5 bones. What are they?
- os coxa, femur, patella, tibia, fibula.
- What are the 3 types articulations/joints and where would they be found?
-
Fibrous-sutures in skull
Cartilagenous-Interverbral Disc
Synovial-knee, shoulder, rib, wrist - What is the CT matrix made up of?
- 70% mineral, 30% organic
- What builds new bone?
- osteoblasts
- what maintains matrix?
- osteocytes
- what collapses bone?
- osteoclast
- What does compact bone look like? spongy bone?
-
solid
holy, red bone marrow - where can flat bones be found?
- cranial, ribs, sternum, scapula
- where can short bones be found
- carpal, tarsal, patella
- where can irregular bones be found?
- vertabra, os coxa
- What is periosteum used for?
- it is where osteoblasts live and it is essential for bone repair in soft connective tissue
- What does cortex mean? medulla?
-
outside,
inside - what is the purpose of the medullary marrow cavity?
- it stores fat
- what are the 4 sutures?
- coronal, lambdoidal, sagittal, squamosal
- what are the 7 facial bones?
- zygomatics, nasal, mandible, maxilla, lacrimals, turbinate, vomer
- what are the 7 cranial structures?
- foramen magnum, mastoid process, paranasal sinuses, hard palate, styloid process, qygomatic process, external auditory meatus
- what are the 4 paranasal sinuses?
- frontal, ethmoidal, sphenoidal, maxillae
- what are the 4 uses of the spinal/vertabral column?
- protect spinal cord, shock absorber, supports head&neck, movement
- what are the 3 sections of the vertabrae and how many bones in each?
- cervical 7, thoracic 12, lumbar 5
- what are the 4 curvatures and are they primary of secondary?
-
primary: thoracic, sacral
secondary: cervical, lumbar - what are the 2 uses for the rib cage?
- protect organs, is flexible for breathing
- how many bones in the rib cage
- 25: 24 pairs of ribs and 1 sternum
- how many parts to sternum? what are their names?
- 3 Manubrium, Sternum Body, Xiphoid process
- what are the 3 types of ribs and which ones are they?
-
true 1-7
False 8-10
Floating 11-12 - what are the spaces between the ribs called?
- intercostal spaces
- what is the use of the coracoid process?
- muscles can hold on to it
- what is the use of the acromion process
- used to attach the clavicle to the scapula
- What is the 'false pelvic' called?
- iliac crest
- where is the pelvic 'inlet'?
- brim/top of pelvis
- where is the pelvic 'outlet'?
- bottom of pelvis (true pelvic cavity)
- flexion is ____
- bending
- extention is ______
- straightening
- apart vs together is the same as:
- abduction vs adduction
- what is the 2 movements for the upper limbs called?
- pronation & supination
- what are the 4 movements for the feet called?
-
inversion (soles facing)vs eversion (soles not facing)
dorsiflexion (on heels) vs plantar (on toes) - what is it called when extension goes past anatomical positioN?
- hyperextension
- what is circumduction?
- arms or wrists or legs making big circles
- what is rotation?
- head or limbs going back and forth
- what does prone mean?
- face down
- what does supine mean?
- face up
-
above the knee _______
below the knee _______
in the anterior position -
flexes
extends - what is a graded respone?
- adjusting your muscle force by what you anticipate the load weight to be
- what does somatic mean?
- voluntary
- muscle tone prevents muscle _____ and keeps muscle ready to ________
-
atrophy
work - antagonistic muscles are on ____sides of the body. give an example
-
opposite
biceps, triceps - Synergistic Muscles are on the ________ side of the body. give an example.
-
same
quadriceps (all 4) - what is the stronges synergistic muscle called?
- prime mover
- what is an example of fixator?
- rotator cuff of humerus or popliteral muscle to lock knee