Biology Final Exam
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- A woman who belongs to blood group A and is Rh positive has a daughter who is O positive and a son who is B negative. Genotype for mom?
- I A iRr
- A woman who belongs to blood group A and is Rh positive has a daughter who is O positive and a son who is B negative. Phenotype for father?
- B positive
- Would be used to produce exact duplicates of a rare organism...
- Asexual Reproduction
- A woman who belongs to blood group A and is Rh positive has a daughter who is O positive and a son who is B negative. Genotype for son?
- I B irr
- In most cells, chromosomes are visible with a light microscope only during...
- Mitosis
- At the begining of mitosis, a chromosome consists of two...
- sister chromatids.
- The rate at which a cell uses its food and oxygen and produces wastes depends on the cell\'s...
- Volume
- The rate at which materials enter and leave theough the cell membrane is dependent upon the cell\'s...
- Surface Area
- As a cell grows, its volume increases___than its surface area.
- faster
- What proportion of offspring of the cross BbTtxBBtt will have black fur and long tails? (B) is black (T) is short tail
- 8/16
- If an organism\'s genotype is HhTt, what is one of its gametes?
- HT
- Results in cells or organisms that are gentically different...
- Sexual Reproduction
- Uses the process of mitosis...
- Asexual Reproduction
- About 60% of genetic disorders in dogs are similar to human genetic dieases. True or False
- True
- One person in a couple has a disorder, what is the chance they have a child with it?
- 50%
- A monohybrid cross?
- Breeding experiment in which the parental varieties differ in only one trait.
- It is more difficult to trace patterns of inheritance in purebred dogs. True or False?
- False
- Genotype of apparently normal female, condition only diagnosed by genetic testing...
- XXX
- Genotype of Kleinefelter\'s Syndrome male...
- XXY
- Genotype of Turner\'s Syndrome female...
- XO
- The extra chromosome in Down Syndrome is usually caused by...
- Nondisjunction (non-separation)
- Meiosis takes longer in the ovary, increasing the likelihood of error resulting in which disorder?
- Down Syndrome
- For a species with a haploid number of 23 chromosomes, how many different combinations of materal and parental chromosomes are possible for the gametes?
- More than 8 million
- A Doo has a diploid number of 10. A Dad has a diploid number of 12. If the two species interbreed, how many chromosomes will the Doo-Dad have?
- 11
- What theory represents teh idea that particles called pangenes originating in each part of an organism\'s body collect the sperm or eggs and are passed to the next generation...
- Pangenesis (developed by Hippocrates)
- Varieties of plants in which self-fertilization produces offspring that are identical to the parents are referred to as
- true-breeding
- Sexual reproduction increses genetics variation by allowing___combinations of___on a chromosome.
- new, chromosomes
- A human cell that contains 22 pairs of autosomes and two X chromosomes could be...
- A unfertilized egg cell.
- Homologous chromosomes?
- Have genes for the same traits at the same loci
- Which carries identical genetic info?
- Sister chromatids
- If an animal\'s skin cells have 36 chromosomes, its sperm cells would have...
- 18 chromosomes
- What is a karyotype?
- Pictorial display of an individual\'s chromosomes.
- Sexual reproduction increses genetics variation by producing___with different___of parental chromosomes.
- gametes, combinations
- Sexual reproduction increses genetics variation by allowing the___of chromosomes from__different individuals.
- combinations,two
- If a parent cell has 24 chromosomes in an animal cell in G1, what is the diploid number of chromosomes for this organism?
- 24
- If a parent cell has 16 chromosomes, mitosis will produce ___daughter cells with ___chromosomes in each nucleus.
- 2, 16
- If a parent cell has 16 chromosomes, meiosis will produce___daughter cells with ___chromosomes in each nucleus.
- 4, 8
- Synapsis and crossing over occur during which phase of meiosis?
- Prophase I
- A human cell that contains 22 autosomes and one Y chromosome could be...
- A sperm cell
- Most human cells contain ___chromosomes
- 46
- In humans, the chromosomes that are not sex chromosomes are called...
- Autosomes
- Sisterchromatids are pulled apart in...
- Meiosis II
- Tetrads align at the metaphase plate in...
- Meiosis I
- DNA is duplicated in...
- Meiosis I
- Homologous chromosomes synapse in...
- Meiosis I
- Phases of meiosis that cause the most variation in the resulting daughter cells are...
- Prophase I and Metaphase I
- True or False? Animals that extract food particles suspended in the surrounding water are called fluid feeders.
- False
- What is the main function of the gizzard?
- Grind food
- Crop is to some animal digestive systems as the ___ is to the human digestive system?
- Stomach
- Humans and most other animals are A. Bulk feeders B. Substrate feeders C. Suspension feeders D. Fluid feeders
- A. Bulk feeders
- Digestion is the A.absoption of nutrients B. conversion of glycogen to glucose. C. chemical and mechanical breakdown of food. D. churning of food in the stomach and intestine.
- C. chemical and mechanical breakdown of food.
- Which of the following is the stage of food processing that removes undigested material from the body?
- Elimination
- Which of the following has a gastrovascular cavity? A. jellyfish B. earthworm C. human D. grasshopper E. bird
- A. jellyfish
- A tube-shaped digestive compartment that has two openings and through which food moves in one direction?
- Alimentary canal
- Put the following in order: Large intestine, small intestine, oral cavity, esopagus, pharynx, stomach.
- Oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine.
- Human saliva does not digest...
- Proteins, but it does starch
- A flap of cartilage that flips down to cover the entry to the trachea during swallowing?
- Epiglottis
- The Heimlich maneuver does not...
- Keep blood flowing to the brain.
- Reflux of acid chyme from the stomach into the lower esophagus?
- Heart burn
- The stomach produces all except... A. mucus B. pesinogen C. pepsin D. hydrochloric acid E. lactic acid
- E. lactic acid
- When the wall of the stomach fails to protect itself from digestion, what occurs?
- A gastric ulcer
- What four things prevent gastric juice from digesting the stomach lining?
- Mucus lining, Mitosis generating new cells to produce new lining, gastric juice is not continuously secreted and gastrin converts pepsin into pepsinogen by chain reaction.
- Function of the pyloric sphincter?
- Release acid chyme into the duodenum in periodic squirts.
- Gastric ulcers ae caused by?
- The bacterium H. pylori
- Nutrient absorption occurs most in which part of the digestive system?
- Small intestine
- Lining in the intestine has surface projections that increase surface area for absorption. These projections are called?
- Villi
- Bile from the liver is stored in the___before entering the intestine.
- Gallbladder
- Which digestive organ produces digestive enzymes and a solution rich in bicarbonate?
- The pancreas
- Fat begins digestion in...
- The small intestine
- Which absorbd water as a major function?
- Large intestine
- What percentage of water is reabsorbed by the alimentary canal?
- 90%
- True or false? A tadpole\'s intestines are shorter, relative to its body size, than an adult frog\'s intestines?
- False
- All animals must obtain what 3 things?
- Essential nutrients, fuel to power activity and organic raw materials to make the animal\'s own molecules
- Malnourishment?
- Lacking one or more of the essential nutrients
- Why are certain amino acids called \"essential\"?
- They cannot be made from other amino acids by the animal in question.
- True or false? Vitamins are major sources of dietary calories?
- False
- Which vitamins can be stored in fatty tissues for future use?
- Vitamins A, D, E and K
- Hormone that controls one\'s appetite?
- Leptin
- Reduced risk of cardivascular disease?
- High levels of HDL
- Energy needed to fuel essntial body processes is called?
- Basal metabolic rate
- Carbs are broken down into what when digested?
- Monosaccharides
- When digested, nucleic acids are broken down into?
- Nucleotides
- What is the name given to the starch-digesting enzyme secreted by the salivary glands?
- Amylase
- Bile helps break down digestion of fats by?
- Breaking large droplets of fat, increasing surface area for enzyme action.
- Different forms of a gene are called?
- Alleles
- Example of a homozygous genotype?
- AAbb
- How did Medel\'s studies differ from his contemporaries?
- Kept carful records and analyzed the data statistically
- LL and Ll have the same...
- Phenotype (they will look alike)
- Segrgation of genes occurs during...
- Anaphase I
- In a Punnett square, each square represents...
- Possible offspring genotypes
- If a each person in a couple carries a disorder and have two children with it, what is the possibility the next one will have it?
- 25%
- A genetic cross between an individual of unknown genotype and a homozygous recessive in known as...
- A test cross
- When plants with white flowers are crossed with plants with pink flowers, what percent of the offspring will have pink flowers?
- 50%
- What was the most significant conclusion Mendel drew from his research?
- Traits are inherited in discrete units, one from each parent.
- the law of independent assortment does not apply to genes that are...
- on the same chromosome.