Ancient Civ: Ch.6 Sec.3: Julius Caesar
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- When was Julius Caesar born
- 100 B.C.
- What kind of family was Julius Caesar born into
- A patrician family that was not very rich but had good political connections
- Who was Julius Caesar related and why was this bad
- He was related to Julia Caesar, the wife of Marius, so when Sulla came to Rome he fled to Asia Minor to do military duty
- What did Caesar do when he returned
- He allied himself to Pompey
- What did Caesar and Pompey use to signify their alliance
- The marriage of Pompey to Caesar's daughter, Julia
- What three signifigant things were Pompey known for
- 1) Helping Marius suppress Spratacus's slave revolt 2) Ridding the Mediterranean of pirates 3) Won some major battles in the Middle East
- What did Caesar have to borrow money for
- To run for and hold public offices
- How did Caesar repay his debts
- Became governor of Spain and used the booty he collected
- What happened when Caesar returns to Rome from Spain
- He held more public offices and became an idol of the Roman citizens
- Who is the first triumvirate made of
- Caesar, Crassus, and Pompey
- What happens in 59 B.C. to this triumvirate
- They are all three named consul
- What was Caesar appointed governor over
- Gaul
- What did he do in Gaul
- Fought many military battles and proved himself a military leader
- Why did Caesar's soldiers love him
- He shared their hardships and the loot they earned
- Why did Caesar write his accounts of the battles in
- Commentaries on the Gallic Wars
- Why was writing the commentaries strategic
- It kept the Romans talking about him
- What did the wars in Gaul give Caesar
- Man power (loyal soldiers), prestige, and money
- What happens as Caesar gains popularity and prestige among the majority of Roman citizens
- Mostly senators and Pompey start to worry and get jealous
- What did Pompey convince the senate to do
- Call Caesar back to give an account of his years in Gaul
- Why does this call home put Caesar between a rock and a hard place
- Caesar knew if he returned without his army then he would probably be killed, but if he went with his army it would cause civil war
- What does Caesar do
- He crosses the Rubicon River and marches his army into Rome
- What is the name of the river Caesar crosses
- Rubicon
- Sure enough what happens when Caesar gets to Rome
- Civil war breaks out with Pompey on the side of the conservative senators
- What happens to Pompey
- He flees Rome and goes to Pharsalus
- What happens at Pharsalus Greece
- Caesar defeats Pompey and Pompey flees to Egypt
- What happens to Pompey in Egypt
- Pompey is murdered by agents of the pharaoh
- What happens when Caesar returns to Rome
- He is made dictator for life
- What does Caesar do to supporters of Pompey
- Gives them amnesty
- What happens when Caesar returns to Egypt
- Returns to Egypt and has an affair with Cleopatra along with one child
- What is it called when Caesar is made dictator for life
- Imperator
- What happens to the conservative members of the senate
- They become worried about Caesar getting too much power
- Who murdered Caesar
- Brutus was the main conspirator along with some other conservative senate members
- When is Caesar assassinated
- March 15, 44 B.C.
- Were the conspirators supported by the majority of Rome
- No
- What did the senate members have to do
- Flee Rome
- What changes does Caesar make when he becomes sole ruler
- Granted Roman citizenship to provinces outside of Rome; Expanded the senate to 900 members; made the senate more representative of all Rome; landowners had to substitute 1/3 of slaves for free men; founded colonies which provided land for the poor; and created the new calendar which we still use