Shire 15 Medicine
Terms
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- Abscess
- A collection of pus in a cavity produced by tissue disintergration and displacement.
- Abscess, Dental
- An abscess, often close to the root of a tooth, which destroys bone and adjoining soft tissues.
- Achondroplasia
- short-limbed dwarfism due to a dominant genetic mutation.
- Acromegaly
- A chronic disease marked by enlargement of the hands, feet and bones of the head and chest. It is caused by excessive secretion, or sensitivity to growth hormone developing in adult life.
- Alveolar bone
- The part of the bone of the jaw to which the teeth are attached.
- Anthelmintic
- A remedy for infestation with worms.
- Anthracosis
- Blackening of the lungs due to deposits of carbon particles.
- Aorta
- The main arterial trunk of the body
- Apendicular adhesions
- Bands of tissue produced as a result of inflammation of the appendix and which unite those surrounding parts which normally are separate.
- Arteriosclerosis
- Narrowing and hardening of the lumen of the arteries.
- Arthritis
- Inflammation of a joint.
- Ascites
- Abnormal accumilation of a fluid in the abdominal cavity.
- Atheromatous
- Affected with or pertaining to atheroma (the process affecting blood vessels which involves the formation of cholesterol deposits which later become fibrotic or calcified).
- Calcification
- The depositation of calcerous matter within organic tissue so that it becomes hardened.
- Carcinoma
- A malignant tumour originating in epithelial cells. These cells cover the external surface of the entire body and line all hollow structures within the body with the exception of blood and lymphatic vessels.
- Cataract
- Opacity in the crystalline lens of the eye.
- Cauterisation
- The act of burning tissue to stop bleeding.
- Cervical spine
- That part of the spine related to the neck.
- Cholecystitis
- Inflammation of the gall bladder.
- Cholelithiasis
- The formation of stones in the gall bladder.
- Cirrhosis
- A chronic progressive inflammation of the liver associated with distortion, toughening and atrophy.
- Cleft Palate
- A congenital fissure in the midline of the hard palate.
- Conjunctivitis
- Inflammation of the conjunctiva (the mucous membrane lining the eyelids and anterior surface of the eyeball)
- Cretenism
- A congenital thyroid dysfunction producing physical and mental retardation.
- Dental attrition
- The process of wearing down the biting surfaces of the teeth by mastication.
- Dental caries
- Invasion of the tooth substance by micro-organisms; associated with dietary sugars.
- Dysplasia
- Abnormal development of tissue.
- Endoscope
- An instrument for examining the interior of hollow organs.
- Eunuchoid
- Term applied to a male in whom the testes have not developed or where the external genitals may be complete but the internal secretion is lacking.
- Fibroadenoma
- A tumour in which there is dense formation of fibrous tissue.
- Furunculosis
- A condition of being affected by furnacles or boils.
- Galactagogue
- An agent which increses the secretion or flow of milk.
- Gynaecomastia
- A condition in the male in which the mammary glands are excessively developed.
- Haematuria
- The presence of blood in the urine.
- Halitosis
- Fetid or offensive breath.
- Hernia
- Protrusion of abdominal contents through the abdominal wall.
- Hernia, scrotal
- Hernia of the groin which has descended into the scrotum.
- Histology
- The branch of biological science which is concerned with the anatomy of tissues and their microscopic cellular structure.
- Hydatid
- A cystic stage in the life cycle of the parasite Echinococcus granulosis
- Hydrocephalus
- An abnormal increase of cerebrospinal fluid within the skull.
- Hypertonic solution
- A solution which exerts an osmotic pressure.
- Hypertrophy
- An increase in the number or size of the cells of which a tissue is composed as a result of increase in function of that tissue.
- Infantile megacolon
- A condition, usually congenital, in which there is a great dilation of part or the whole of the large intestine.
- Keratosis senilis
- A lesion on the skin seen in elderly people.
- Kyphosis
- The excessive forward curvature of the spine.
- Lactose
- The natural sugar found in milk.
- Leucoma
- A white scar of the cornea.
- Meningioma
- A benign tumour of the meninges (the coverings or sheathes of the brain and spinal cord).
- Mitral valve
- The valve separating the left atrium from the left ventricle in the heart.
- Naevus
- Any birthmark or localised abnormality of developmental origin.
- Narcotic
- A drug which induces a stuporous condition or sleep.
- Osmotic
- Relating to osmosis (the movement of a solvent across a membrane to an area where there is a higher concentration of solution to which the membrane is impermeable).
- Osteo-arthristis
- Chronic arthritis of a degenerative type associated with age or trauma.
- Osteocartilaginous exostosis
- An outgrowth made up of bone and cartilage extending from the surface of a bone.
- Osteochondroma
- A tumour composed of both bony and cartilaginous tissues.
- Osteomyelitis
- Inflammation of the interior of a bone, especially affecting the marrow spaces.
- Osteoporosis
- Rarefaction of bone
- Osteosarcoma
- A malignant tumour of bone cells.
- Pathogenesis
- The mode of origin and development of diseased conditions.
- Peridontal disease
- Inflammation and eventual erosion of the structures surrounding a tooth.
- Periostitis
- Inflammation of the periosteum (the connective tissue covering of bone)
- Pluerisy
- Inflammation of the pleura (the membrane which covers the lungs).
- Pneumothorax
- The presence of air within the thorax, resulting in partial or complete collapse of the lung.
- Poliomyelitis
- Acute inflammation of the anterior horn cells of the spinal cord due to an enterovirus infection which may result in paralysis of the limbs.
- Polydactyly
- The presence of more than the norman number of fingers or toes.
- Prolapse
- The sinking down or protrusion of a part of the body or organ.
- Pseudohermaphroditsm
- A congenital condition in which the gonads are either testes or ovaries but the external genitals are either characteristic of the opposite sex or a mixture of both male and female.
- Psoas muscle
- The long muscle which flexes the hip joint, extending from the lumber vertebrae to the femur.
- Rickets
- A disturbance of the calcium/phosphorus metabolism in the growing child as a result of vitamin D deficiency.
- Sacral erosion
- destruction of the sacrum (the composite bone formed by the fusion of the sacral vertebrae, forming the back of the pelvis).
- Sacro-iliac joint
- The joint formed between the sacrum and the ileum in the pelvis.
- Sand pneumoconiosis
- A disease of the respiratory tract caused by the inhalation of particles of sand.
- Scapula
- Shoulder blade
- Schistosomiasis
- A group of diseases caused by trematode parasitic flukes of the family Schistomatidae. They live in the veins of various internal organs and lay eggs which reach the exterior mainly by the urine or faeces.
- Scoliosis
- Lateral curvature of the spine.
- Serology
- The medical science which is concerned with the study of blood sera, identifying group-specific substances, proteins and enzymes.
- Smallpox
- A generalised virus infection with a vesicular rash (variola).
- Solar keratosis
- A lesion of the skin seen in elderly people with long continued exposure to the sun.
- Spina bifida
- A defect in the development of the vertebral column with variable protrusion of the contents of the spinal canal through the gap.
- Splenomegaly
- Enlargement of the spleen.
- Squamous
- Resembling a scale; platelike.
- Squamous cell papilloma
- A stalked (skin) tumour linked with squamous cells.
- Talipes equinovarus
- Club foot.
- Temporomandibular joint
- The joint which connects and articulates the temporal bone and the mandible in the skull.
- Tendo Achilles
- The tendon which joins the calf muscle to the heel. It is used extensively in walking, running and jumping.
- Tetraplegia
- Paralysis of both arms and legs.
- Tibia
- The long bone between the knees and ankle joints.
- Tomography
- Body-section radiography. A radiographic technique which shows images of structures lying in a predetermined plane of tissue, while blurring out by movement the images of the structures of other planes, above or below.
- Trachoma
- An eye infection caused by Chlamydia trachomatis. Untreated, it can lead to blindness.
- Ulcer
- A lesion of the skin or mucous surface in which the superficial cells are destroyed and deeper tissues exposed in an open sore.
- Vascular
- Pertaining to a blood vessel or vessels.
- Vesicovaginal fistula
- A communication between the bladder and the vagina.