first quarter- second half - part deux
Terms
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- echothiophate
- poisons, biowarfare, nerve gas. seizures, paralysis, death.
- tacrine
- slows Alzheimer's progression.
- endrophonium
- used in the diagnosis of myasthenia gravis. short acting.
- neostigmine
- reverse anesthesia paralysis. stimulate the bladder. does not cross BBB.
- physostigmine
- treat atropine poisoning. last resort open angle glaucoma. crosses BBB.
- bethanecol
- treats post-op bladder paralysis. M2 M3 agonist. Does not cross BBB so no M1.
- ipratropium, tiotropium
- treat COPD and asthma. does not inhibit ciliary movement. alternative to beta agonist. M3 antagonist.
- pirenzipine
- ulcers. M1 antag.
- atropine
- antidote for AchE inhibitor (echothiophate, organophosphates).
- scopolamine
- crosses BBB, M1 selective. motion sickness and anesthensia adjunct (amnesia, drowsiness)
- pilocarpine
- closed/open glaucoma. applied topically to eye (M3). M1 M2 M3 though.
- succinylcholine
- used for endotrachial intubation in emergency. fast onset, fast offset. only depolarizing NMJ blocker. cannot reverse with AchE.
- tubocurarine
- used for endotrachial intubation in surgery. longer acting. can reverse with AchE. isoquinolone nucleus = histamine release.
- mivacurium
- endotrachial intubation. fast onset, fast offset. isoquinolone nucleus = histamine release.
- botulinum
- botox. synaptobren & snap25 degrade. paralysis
- varenicline
- smoking cessation. does not cause dopamine peak.
- reserpine
- used as a HT drug in past. potent and used for severe / refractory HT.
- guanethidine
- used as a HT drug in past. potent and used for severe / refractory HT.
- clonidine
- HT with renal dz. reduces left hypertrophy and cholesterol.
- A-methyl-DOPA
- HT with renal dz. reduces left hypertrophy and cholesterol.
- Hydralazine
- used in severe HT in combo to reduce severe SE (lupus, edema). artery only (afterload)
- minoxidil
- used in severe HT in combo to reduce severe SE (hirsutism, edema). artery only (afterload)
- sodium nitroprusside
- acute management of hypertensive crisis. IV only (cyanide). veins and arteries (preload and afterload).
- chlorthalidone
- mild HT alone or severe in combo. inexpensive. 15mmHg ceiling. hypokalemia, hyperglycemia, hyperuricemia, increased cholest & tri.
- hydrochlorothiazide
- mild HT alone or severe in combo. inexpensive. 15mmHg ceiling. hypokalemia, hyperglycemia, hyperuricemia, increased cholest & tri.
- amiloride
- not effective HT alone, use with other diuretic. SE (gynecomastia).
- propranolol
- mild HT alone or severe in combo. effects slow over time. increase tri, decrease HDL.
- acebutolol
- partial B1 antag. mild HT with bradycardia. increase tri, decrease HDL.
- prazosin
- severe HT and benign prostatic. decrease cholesterol. arrythmias.
- captopril
- mild HT. increase bradykinin PGI & NO. cough, ageusia, birth defects, hyperkalemia if with K sparing diuretic.
- losartan
- (ARB) mild HT. no cough.
- nifedipine
- mild HT. effects vascular smooth muscle more. reflex tachy. associated with arryth (use BB, diuretics, ACE first)
- diltiazem
- mild HT. effects cardiac muscle more. cardiac depression.
- sildenafil
- pulmonary arterial HT. cheaper than bosentan.
- fosinepril
- ace inhibitor, broken down by liver
- pralidoxime (pam2)
- reverse echothiophate poisoning