Practical Computer Literacy Chapter 3
Terms
undefined, object
copy deck
- instructions that tell a computer how to carry out a task
- computer programs
- a computers operating system - carries out basic operating functions such as managing files, interacting with peripheral devices, sending data over networks, and filtering out viruses
- system software
- designed to increase productivity through word processing, spreadsheet, presentation, etc
- productivity software
- related software that has been bundled together
- software suite
- name the two types of business software
- vertical market software and horizontal market software
-
designed to automate specialized tasks in a specific business
ex: job estimating software for construction - vertical market software
- generic software that can be used by any business to complete tasks such as payroll, accouting, etc
- horizontal market software
- helps a business keep track of money in and out
- accounting software
- important tool for planning large projects
- project management software
- horizontal market software designed to help several people collaborate on a single project using LAN or the internet
- groupware
- writes instructions for computer programs that become the components of a computer software product
- computer programmer
- a company that specializes in marketing and selling commercial software
- software publisher
- instructions for each element in the software environment
- properties
- the tools used by the programmer to create software
- programming language
- lengthy list of instructions which define fhe software environment in every detail
- source code
- a team of programmers that work together to analyze an organizations hardware, software, data and workflow to improve proficiency and performance
- system analysis and design
- series of phases to guide systems analysis and design
- systems development life cycle (SDLC)
- name the 5 phases of the systems development lifestyle
-
1) planning phase
2) analysis phase
3) design phase
4) implementation phase
5) maintenance phase - technologies used to create, store, and exchange information in many formats
- information technology (IT)
- master controller for all the activities that take place within a computer - primary purpose is to help the computer system monitor itself in order to function efficiently
- operating system
- a prompt displayed in the DOS - difficult to remember the DOS commands
- command-line interface
-
represent controls and commands as pictures that users can manipulate with a mouse
ex: microsoft windows - graphic user interface (GUI)
- applications for maintaining schedules and contact lists used by PDA's with touch-sensitive screens
- personal information management (PIM)
- large-scale computer operating system that allows system administrators to monitor multiple users, network security, etc
- Linux/UNIX
-
word processing
desktop publishing
web authoring - word-processing software
- adds graphic design techniques to enhance the format and appearance of the document
- desktop publishing software (DTP)
- helps you design and develop customized web pages that you can publish electronically on the internet
- web-authoring software
- uses rows and columns of numbers to create a model or representation of a real situation
- spreadsheet
- provides tools to create electronic spreadsheets - automatically adds up the columns or applies other specified formulas
- spreadsheet software
- composed of cells formed by rows and columns
- worksheet
- can contain labels or values
- cells
- work behind the scenes to perform calculations and ddisplay results
- formulas
- supplies tools needed for combining text, photos, clip art, graphs, animation, and sound clips into a series of electronic slides
- presentation software
- collection of data stored on one or more computer
- database
-
stores data as a series of records, composed of fields that hold data - helps you manipulate information stored in the database (enter, find, organize, etc)
ex: mailing lists - database software
- holds data for a single entity
- record
- hold one item of data relevent to a record
- fields
- contain unique identifiers to sort and quickly search for data
- key fields
- name 2 benefits of using spreadsheets
-
- less prone to calculation errors
- provides repetitve calculations - used to formulate search criteria
- queries
- used to entre information into the database
- electronic forms
- gather, format, and present information
- reports
- pictures, drawings, sketches, photographs, images, or icons that appear on the computer screen
- graphics
- provides a set of electronic pens, brushes, and paints, for painting images on the screen
- paint software (image-editing software)
- designed to help create, manipulate, and print graphics
- graphics software
- includes features specially designed to fix poor-quality photos
- photo-editing software
- provides a set of lines, shapes, and colours that can be assembled into diagrams
- drawing software
- provides a set of tools for transferring video footage from a cacorder to a computer
- video editing software
-
system software that includes programs designed to optimize your computers performance, protect data, and facilitate communication
ex: anti-virus software - utility software
- shrinks the size of archived files for storage
- compression utility
- rearranges segments of files in order to clear space on the hard disk drive
- defragmentation utility
- new and improved version of a software product
- software upgrade
- memory, adequate disk space, correct version of windows to run software
- system requirements
- form of legal protection that grants the author an exclusive right to copy, distribute, sell, etc
- copyright
- legal contract that defines the ways in which a computer program may be used
- software license or license agreement
- you 'buy' this software but actually only purchase the right to use it under defined terms
- commercial software
- copyright software marketed with a 'try before you buy' policy - low cost marketing and distribution channel - not always profitable
- shareware
- copyright software that is free - cannot be altered or sold
- freeware
- makes the source code available to programmers who want to modify or improve the software
- open source software
- available without restriction - can be changed, copied, or sold, but you cannot apply for a copyright on it
- public domain software