Anth 400A Final - theorists
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- Did Radcliffe-Brown think that functionalism was rooted in biology?
- No- that was Malinowski who thought that different parts of society functioned to meet biological needs
- Who was influenced by Durkheim's "organic analogy?"
- Radcliffe-Brown
- Who wrote "On the Concept of Function in the Social Sciences"
- Radcliffe-Brown
- Who did fieldwork in the Andamen islands, Australia and Africa?
- Radcliffe-Brown
- Who thought that kinship was the basis of social organization for non-Western societies that is best understood through psychology and cultural history?
- Radcliffe-Brown (this refers to the genealogical method)
- Did radcliffe-Brown think that society was unstable?
- No - he thought that it was harmonious and stable (i.e.: synchronic)
- What was a key area of study for Radcliffe-Brown?
- social structure
- Who promoted biocultural functionalism?
- Malinowski
- Who wrote "argonauts of the western pacific"?
- Malinowski
- What important anthropological tenet did Malinowski promote?
- participant-observation
- Who worked in the Trobriand Islands?
- Malinowski
- Who wrote about the Kula ring of exchange?
- Malinowski
- Who was a functionalist?
- Malinowski
- Who gave anthropology a new focus by stressing empirical research and rigorous theory?
- Malinowski
- Was Malinowski against "from magic to science"
- Yes
- Who founded the journal "Ethnology"
- Murdock
- What did Murdock search for among societies (generally)
- Cross-Cultural generalizations
- Who was a cultural materialist?
- White
- Which anthropologists were Neo Cultural Evolutionists?
- Childe, Steward, White
- Who wrote "Science of Culture" and "Evolution of Culture"?
- White
- What is the second law of thermodynamics?
- that the universe is running down into entropy
- Who put forth the layer cake model?
- White
- who 'discovered' both Marx and Morgan?
- White
- Who 'revisited' the Superorganic?
- White
- What did White call his nomothetic study of cultural laws?
- culturology
- Who said there are four major stages of cultural evolution?
- White - tools, neolithic revolution, fossil fuels and atomic energy
- who supported the idea of the primacy of culture over the individual?
- White
- Who thought that the symbol was the basis for culture?
- White
- Where do social and political organizations fit into the layer cake model?
- in the middle - technology is at the bottom and ideology is at the top
- Who is the 'father' of cultural ecology?
- Steward
- Was Steward close to Boas?
- No - distant from him, probably because he was a Neo Cultural Evolutionist
- Who promoted the idea of multilineal evolution? Who promoted unilineal evolution?
-
Steward - multilineal
White - unilineal - Did Steward agree with White?
- No - he thought White was too extreme, and too general
- What did White dislike about Steward?
- that he was too particular
- Who linked anthropology to nomothetic natural sciences like biology and chemistry
- Steward
- Did Steward think that adaption was key to cultural ecology?
- Yes
- What are the three types of Bands according to Steward?
- Patrilineal, Matrilineal, Composite
- Who demonstrated the regularities in the developmental sequences of civilization in the Western and Eastern Hemispheres?
- Steward
- Who recognized the relationship of sub-cultures to regional and national contexts
- Steward
- Who was a New Archaeologist?
- Childe
- Who wrote "society and knowledge"?
- Childe
- Was Childe American or British?
- sort of trick question - he was Australian born but trained in Britain so British...
- Who disagreed with racial interpretations of prehistory?
- Childe
- Who coined the term 'neolithic revolution'
- Childe
- Who was at the same time a social evolutionist and a diffusionist?
- Childe
- What theoretical position did Richards adhere to?
- Functionalism?
- Who was Richards a student of?
- Malinowski
- Who did work in Zambia with the Bemba?
- Richards
- Who looked at diet and nutrition and at food production?
- Richards
- Who studied the Bemba girls' initiation ceremony?
- Richards
- Who was a symbolic anthropologist?
- Evans-Pritchard
- Did Evans-Pritchard think that anthropology should be studied like a natural science?
- Nope - he thought anthropology belonged in the humanities
- Who did work among the Nuer and Azande?
- Evans-Pritchard
- What does Evans-Pritchard think hat the role of an ethnographer is?
- to act as an interpreter of cultural meaning and history
- Who promoted the concept of cultural relativism and thought that the capacity for a society to have logic was not limited to the western world?
- Evans-Pritchard
- Who is criticized for working in the 'colonial encounter'
- Evans-Pritchard
- Who is best known for their ethnographic monographs?
- Evans-Pritchard
- Did Evans-Pritchard promote theory over ethnography?
- Nope - the other way around - ethnography first. Remember, he was known for his ethnographic monographs
- Who wanted to understand how people accounted for misfortune?
- Evans-Pritchard
- Who wrote "Patterns of Culture"?
- Benedict
- Who did a national character study of Japan (at a distance)
- Benedict
- What three things did Benedict disagree with?
- Freud, ethnocentrism and racism
- Who campaigned against racism?
- Benedict
- Did Benedict describe the personalities of whole cultures, or of individuals?
- Whole cultures - Mead described the latter
- Who thought that concept of race to be 'weak'
- Benedict
- What is one criticism of Benedict?
- that she makes broad generalizations
- According to Benedict, the indiviuals within a culture reflect _________ configuartions.
- Primary
- Who developed methods for analyzing complex modern societies and cultures at a distance?
- Benedict
- What school did Sapir belong to?
- Personality and culture
- Did Sapir think that linguistic studies should look just at Indo-European languages?
- Nope
- Who did fieldwork among the Sarcee and Hopi?
- Sapir
- Who developed linguistic concept of Phonemes?
- Sapir
- Who, in particular, was a historical particularist?
- Lowie
- Who wrote "Primitive Society" and "History of Ethnological Theory"
- Lowie
- Did Lowie agree with Boas?
- Yes, as a student of Boas, he also thought that there was no one determinant of culture
- Who did fieldwork among the Native Americans, especially the Crow?
- Lowie
- Who studied kinship terminologies?
- Lowie
- Did Lowie think that ethnographic data was more important than theory, or the other way around?
- Yes, Lowie thought that ethnographic data was indeed more important than theory
- Which of the anthropologists we've studied were students of Boas?
- Lowie, Sapir, Mead, Benedict, Steward, White and Kroeber
- Which of the anthropologists we've studied were British?
- Radcliffe-Brown, Malinowski, Childe, Evans-Pritchard and Richards